# NTSB investigations: Hard landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 39 of 62 · 3,083 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB DEN90LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90LA087.md): Cessna 172M · Three Forks, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 21, 1990 · N80830 · Substantial damage
  > Pilot's misjudged landing flare.
- [NTSB LAX90LA121](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA121.md): Enstrom F-28C · Canyon Lake, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 18, 1990 · N554H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot to maintain proper rotor RPM during a practice autorotation. Contributing to the accident was the uneven terrain selected by the pilot to conduct practice touch maneuvers.
- [NTSB MIA90LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA90LA080.md): Cessna 172N · Clearwater, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 7, 1990 · N73929 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in a porpoise and loss of aircraft control. Factors related to the accident were: the gusty crosswind, and failure of the pilot to maintain runway alignment.
- [NTSB MKC90LA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC90LA060.md): Cessna 140 · Brinkley, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 4, 1990 · N90061 · Substantial damage
  > Recovery from bounced landing not performed and porpoise encountered by the pilot in command.
- [NTSB ATL90LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL90LA065.md): Piper PA-31T1 · Chamblee, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 19, 1990 · N222GW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged the landing flare. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's failure to defrost the windshield during the approach.
- [NTSB FTW90LA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA066.md): Cessna 180 · Portland, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 10, 1990 · N3110C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions, which resulted in a failure to attain a flare during the landing. The unfavorable wind conditon was a related factor.
- [NTSB LAX90LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA079.md): Cessna 152 · Bermuda Dunes, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 28, 1990 · N24988 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare, and failure to avoid or correct the resultant porpoise.
- [NTSB LAX90LA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA069.md): Cessna 172 · Mesa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 12, 1990 · N739BB · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control and compensate for gusty wind conditions which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI90LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90LA062.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Steubenville, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 5, 1990 · N557PA · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper landing flare.
- [NTSB MIA90LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA90LA045.md): Piper PA-34-200 · Sarasota, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 28, 1989 · N831SR · Substantial damage
  > Excessive airspeed for landing and improper flare by the pilot, which resulted in an inadvertent porpoise; and the pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in a hard landing. A related factor was the crosswind condition.
- [NTSB FTW90DRD01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90DRD01.md): Long E-Z-E Long E-Z-E- · Hammond, LA · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Dec 28, 1989 · N77NW · Destroyed
  > Inadequate aircraft handling and recovery from a bounced landing. Factors were gusty wind conditions, the pilot's failure to maintain directional control, and the pilot's lack of familiarity with the airplane.
- [NTSB BFO90LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO90LA018.md): Beech BE-24 · Martinsville, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 28, 1989 · N18733 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to maintain adequate airspeed, causing the aircraft to stall and land hard.
- [NTSB ATL90LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL90LA039.md): Beech B19 · Muscle Shoals, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 26, 1989 · N6584R · Substantial damage
  > The premature flare initiated by the student pilot and the flight instructor's delay in taking remedial action, which led to an inadvertent stall and a hard landing.
- [NTSB LAX90LA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA056.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Big Bear, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 23, 1989 · N4111W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper level-off and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB FTW90LA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA026.md): Cessna 172K · Fabens, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1989 · N7337G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare during landing and inadequate recovery from the ensuing bounced landing. The unfavorable wind was a related factor.
- [NTSB CHI90LA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90LA025.md): Piper PA-32-260 · Mcleansboro, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1989 · N3916W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain control of the aircraft while recovering from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB SEA90LA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA90LA012.md): McCulloch J-2 · Scappoose, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 10, 1989 · N4379G · Substantial damage
  > Delayed remedial action by the flight instructor and failure of the student to relinguish control. Factors include inadequate airspeed and an excessive descent rate.
- [NTSB MKC90LA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC90LA025.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Hays, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 10, 1989 · N4114W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly flare the airplane during landing.
- [NTSB LAX90LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA053.md): Cessna 177 · Tucson, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 10, 1989 · N3458T · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare by the student pilot, which resulted in a porpoise, and his improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB DEN90LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90LA015.md): Cessna 152 · Grand Forks, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 24, 1989 · N95975 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing. The wind condition was considered to be a contributing factor.
- [NTSB CHI90LA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90LA012.md): Cessna 152 · Columbus, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 13, 1989 · N24800 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB CHI90LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90LA008.md): Beech C23 · Rock Falls, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 12, 1989 · N9157S · Destroyed
  > Improper flare by the pilot, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CHI90LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90LA004.md): Cessna 152 · Columbus, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 5, 1989 · N4875H · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB FTW90LA003](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA003.md): Aerospatiale 350D · New Iberia, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 4, 1989 · N3606Y · Substantial damage
  > The second pilot's (under instruction) misjudgement of aircraft attitude during the level off phase of the autorotation
- [NTSB LAX90LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA001.md): Cessna 501 · Sedona, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 2, 1989 · N617CC · Destroyed
  > Improper in-flight planning/decision by the pilot which resulted in his inability to flare the aircraft and/or recover from a bounced landing. Contributing factors were: crosswind, gusts, turbulence, downdraft, and the pilot's inadequate compensation for wind…
- [NTSB LAX89LA332](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89LA332.md): Cessna 182 · Eureka, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 30, 1989 · N96642 · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare by the student, and a delay in remedial action by the instructor (CFI).
- [NTSB SEA89LA177](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA89LA177.md): Bell 47G · Corvallis, OR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 25, 1989 · N47VS · Destroyed
  > Student pilot's improper use of the collective control while performing hovering autorotations, and the instructor's inadequate supervision of the student's actions, which resuled in hard landings. In addition, the engine mount was significantly weakened…
- [NTSB FTW89LA173](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW89LA173.md): Beech B-19 · Mckinney, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 25, 1989 · N23848 · Substantial damage
  > Pilot's improper technique in recovery from a bounced landing. Factors contributing to the accident were the pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the go around.
- [NTSB CHI89LA192](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89LA192.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Lebanon, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 24, 1989 · N55357 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot allowed his final approach airspeed to get too slow, he delayed in initiating remedial action, then attempted an aborted landing with inadequate airspeed, which resulted in an inadvertent stall. The pilot's lack total experience was considered a…
- [NTSB CHI89LA188](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89LA188.md): Cessna 150 · Wash Courthouse, OH · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 18, 1989 · N6172K · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare by the student pilot. Factors related to the accident were: the student's selection of the wrong runway, and the tailwind.
- [NTSB MIA89LA254](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA89LA254.md): Piper PA-34-220T · Fort Myers, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 1989 · N8371H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing. Darkness was a related factor.
- [NTSB SEA89LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA89LA172.md): Robinson R22 Beta · Hillsboro, OR · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 14, 1989 · N358JS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudging altitude and airspeed.
- [NTSB CHI89LA181](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89LA181.md): Piper PA-22-150 · South Haven, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1989 · N3633P · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare by the pilot, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB NYC89LA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC89LA210.md): Grumman AA-5B · South Harpswell, ME · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1989 · N4554L · Substantial damage
  > A delay by the pilot in aborting a late go-around. Factors related to the accident were: the pilot's improper flare for landing, his improper recovery from the subsequent bounced landing, and tree(s) near the runway.
- [NTSB LAX89LA301](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89LA301.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Torrance, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1989 · N25649 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in an inadvertent porpoise. A factor related to the accident was: the lack of training in recovery from bounced landings from her instructor pilot (CFI).
- [NTSB MKC89LA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC89LA195.md): Bell 47G · Ozark, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1989 · N182JR · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the dual student to properly flare during an autorotative landing resulting in a hard landing and partial failure of the right skid. The CFI also failed to properly monitor the student's actions on the flight controls.
- [NTSB FTW89LA158](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW89LA158.md): Cessna 172M · Bellville, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1989 · N13620 · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare by the pilot and his improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in an inadvertent porpoise and subsequent nose gear failure.
- [NTSB ATL89LA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL89LA210.md): Piper PA-24-260 · Hanceville, AL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1989 · N666KH · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare by the pilot/owner and his failure to obtain/maintain proper airspeed for the go-around; and inadequate supervision and remedial action by the instructor pilot (other crew member). The uneven surface of the private strip was a contributing…
- [NTSB DEN89LA211](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN89LA211.md): Cessna 182L · Moab, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 1, 1989 · N42027 · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate compensation for the wind conditions by the pilot, and his failure to attain a flare. The unfavorable (variable & gusty) wind condition was a related factor.
- [NTSB MIA89LA235](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA89LA235.md): Cessna 172N · Madison, MS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 27, 1989 · N5215E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing, which resulted in porpoising of the aircraft and an uncontrolled ground swerve.
- [NTSB LAX89LA290](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89LA290.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Columbia, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1989 · N4152N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing and loss of directional control.
- [NTSB FTW89LA153](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW89LA153.md): Cessna 150C · Jonesboro, LA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1989 · N7872Z · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper flare, improper recovery from a bounced landing, and failure to maintain directional control, which resulted in a porpoise off the side of the runway. The tree was a related factor.
- [NTSB NYC89LA200](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC89LA200.md): Cessna 182F · Albany, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 25, 1989 · N92323 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare during landing.
- [NTSB CHI89LA175](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89LA175.md): Cessna 182A · East Lansing, MI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 24, 1989 · N6328B · Substantial damage
  > Improper corrective action on the part of the pilot to correct an excessive sink rate prior to landing touchdown.
- [NTSB NYC89LA201](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC89LA201.md): Cessna 182R · Warren, VT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 19, 1989 · N9335E · Substantial damage
  > Improper flare by the pilot, and his improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB FTW89LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW89LA150.md): Bell 206B · Oak Grove, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 19, 1989 · N5006N · Substantial damage
  > Pilot's improper emergency procedures and flare that led to a hard landing and roll over. Factors in the accident were the pilot's decision to initiate an autorotation following an undetermined event and failure to maintain directional control during the…
- [NTSB SEA89LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA89LA150.md): Schleicher ASW-20BL · Minden, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1989 · N300Y · Substantial damage
  > Misunderstood emergency procedures, the glider pilot released from the tow which resulted in a hard landing. The pilot's preflight of the glider and radio communications were inadequate before and during the flight.
- [NTSB CHI89FA165](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89FA165.md): Bell 47G-2A-1 · Wisconsin Dells, WI · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 14, 1989 · N49HB · Substantial damage
  > Attempt by the pilot to exceed the hover performance capabilities of the helicopter, and operating outside the weight and balance limitations. The pilot's overconfidence in the helicopter's ability and his subsequent failure to adequately prepare and plan…
- [NTSB LAX89LA272](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89LA272.md): Cessna 172P · Redlands, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 13, 1989 · N51920 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper level-off, recovery from bounced landing, and failure to maintain directional control during the landing. The pilot's limited recent experience was a contributing factor.
- [NTSB CHI89LA168](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89LA168.md): Cessna P206A · Louisville, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 13, 1989 · N4688F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare for landing.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md?occurrence=200&page=40

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT o.case_mkey FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o WHERE o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o."occurrenceCode" = 200)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb?occurrence=200&page=39

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