# NTSB investigations, MT: Hard landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

## Latest cases

- [NTSB SEA05LA120](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA05LA120.md): MBB BO-105 · Billings, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 17, 2005 · N314MS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper in-flight decision to continue a simulated engine-out autorotation after sensing an excessive descent rate at 100 feet above the ground. Factors include the excessive descent rate, variable winds, and a high density altitude.
- [NTSB SEA05CA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA05CA033.md): Cessna 180 · Billings, MT · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jan 10, 2005 · N8609X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and his failure to maintain aircraft control. The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing is a contributing factor.
- [NTSB SEA04LA196](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA04LA196.md): Dornier DO27A4 · Marion, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 2004 · N276MK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB SEA03LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA03LA172.md): Cessna 152 · Hamilton, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 17, 2003 · N68281 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare which resulted in a hard landing. A factor was the improper recovery from the bounced landing.
- [NTSB SEA03LA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA03LA057.md): Cessna 152 · Butte, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 2003 · N48733 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for gusty variable wind conditions and his improper flare. Factors include gusty and variable winds.
- [NTSB SEA02FA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA02FA035.md): Robinson R-22 Beta · Silver City, MT · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 31, 2002 · N7507G · Substantial damage
  > Both the pilot/owner and the FAA inspector pilots' failure to maintain adequate rotor RPM during a practice auto rotation landing which resulted in a hard landing. A contributing factor was the pilot/owner's application of excessive anti-torque pedal during…
- [NTSB SEA00LA161](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA00LA161.md): Stinson 108-3 · Thompson Lake, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 13, 2000 · N573C · Substantial damage
  > An improper flare which lead to a hard landing and subsequent main gear collapse as a result of the overload.
- [NTSB SEA00LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA00LA136.md): Ercoupe 415-D · Hamilton, MT · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 18, 2000 · N93835 · Destroyed
  > The excessive rate at which the student pilot allowed the aircraft to descend into the runway surface while attempting to land. Factors include the pilot's lack of experience in airplanes.
- [NTSB SEA00LA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA00LA006.md): Piper PA-24-250 · Bozeman, MT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 20, 1999 · N8078P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's (CFI) failure to take remedial action. Factors include the private pilot letting the airspeed get too low.
- [NTSB SEA99LA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA99LA061.md): Eugene Hughes Lancair IV · Butte, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 1999 · N124GH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare.
- [NTSB SEA98LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA049.md): Cessna 177A · Laurel, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 23, 1998 · N177MT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's excessive descent rate on final, and improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB SEA98LA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA025.md): Cessna 177 · Thompson Falls, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 18, 1997 · N2988X · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper remedial action when confronted with a porpoised landing. A factor was his failure to execute a go-around maneuver.
- [NTSB SEA98LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA016.md): Short Brothers SD3-60 · Billings, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1997 · N691A · Substantial damage
  > The co-pilot's failure to maintain the proper descent rate on final approach, the pilot-in-command's delayed remedial action, and overload of the left main landing gear assembly. Factors contributing were snow, crosswind conditions and deteriorating…
- [NTSB SEA94LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA022.md): Beech A-35 · Billings, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 30, 1993 · N575B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the go-around. Factors include proper airspeed not being maintained, and gusty crosswinds.
- [NTSB SEA93LA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA210.md): White BD-5 · Helena, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 25, 1993 · N273GW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed. The pilot's lack of experience in this make and model aircraft was a factor.
- [NTSB SEA91LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA138.md): Cessna C175 · East Glacier, MT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 1991 · N7468M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain sufficient airspeed. Contributing to the accident was: the gusty wind conditions and the pilot's lack of experience in this type of operation.
- [NTSB SEA90FA165](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA90FA165.md): Piper PA-30-160 · Kalispell, MT · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 20, 1990 · N8556Y · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to flare the aircraft for landing and to maintain its control during the attempted go-around (aborted landing). Factors related to the accident were: darkness, a number of runway edge lights that were either inoperative or hidden by…
- [NTSB DEN90LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90LA087.md): Cessna 172M · Three Forks, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 21, 1990 · N80830 · Substantial damage
  > Pilot's misjudged landing flare.
- [NTSB DEN88LA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN88LA102.md): Cessna 182P · Great Falls, MT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 27, 1988 · N79P · Destroyed
  > The private plt was returning home from a personal transportation flight with one pax, another private plt. Both men reported that while on final for rnwy 25, the sun was in their eyes and hindered their vision. The plt in command stated that he cannot…
- [NTSB DEN87LA139](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN87LA139.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Wolf Point, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 30, 1987 · N9128D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot was on approach to his private strip at approxiamtely 25 feet AGL when the aircraft stalled. The aircraft dropped onto the runway, the pilot added full power attempting to recover, the left wing dipped and struck the ground.
- [NTSB DEN86LA180](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN86LA180.md): Mathew M. Kerr Starduster TOO · Roundup, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 28, 1986 · N159MK · Substantial damage
  > During the telephone interview, the plt stated the acft landed hard, collapsing the right main gear & broke the right wing spar.
- [NTSB DEN85FTI03](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN85FTI03.md): Hilliard B-8-M · Clinton, MT · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Mar 18, 1985 · N8036T · Substantial damage
  > The gyrocopter inadvertently became airborne during a high speed taxi run. The plt reported that at an alt of aprx 10-15 ft AGL he 'cut the engine speed to idle, and pulled the joystick fully back to land.' This action put the gyrocopter in a nose high…
- [NTSB DEN84LA305](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN84LA305.md): Cessna 152 · Missoula, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 30, 1984 · N93239 · Substantial damage
  > Plt flared abruptly and acft floated before it touched down hard on the rwy collapsing the nose gear. Acft traveled 20 ft off the right side of the rwy before coming to rest.
- [NTSB DEN83LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN83LA029.md): Cessna 310R · Miles City, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 2, 1982 · N30RA · Substantial damage
  > After executing a missed approach to rwy 22 the acft began accumulating rime ice. An approach was made to rwy 4. The acft had accumulated about 1/4 in ice, & during the flare the acft shuddered & stalled onto the rwy.
- [NTSB DEN82DA200](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN82DA200.md): Cessna 150M · Missoula, MT · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Sep 19, 1982 · N8375U · Substantial damage
  > Pilot landing after cross-country in windy conditions. He says nose must have hit too hard because nose gear collapsed..
- [NTSB DEN82DA153](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN82DA153.md): Beech 90 · Billings, MT · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Aug 5, 1982 · N895K · Substantial damage
  > The plt misjudged altitude & airspeed resulting in a hard landng. The right main gear assembly broke through the upper surface of the wing. The rwy is about 3-6 inches higher than the preceding terrain.
- [NTSB DEN82DA149](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN82DA149.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Marion, MT · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jul 29, 1982 · N8997E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot and her husband, who was also a rated pilot, were at the controls. During arrival, the wind sock was checked, but no wind was noticed. Reportedly, the pilot's husband landed the plane from the right front seat. The pilot reported that the flare was…
- [NTSB DEN82DA095](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN82DA095.md): Cessna 150 · Dillon, MT · Accident · No injuries · Final report · May 20, 1982 · N18120 · Substantial damage
  > While the student pilot was landing, the aircraft bounced and nosed over. The pilot had only 4 hours of solo time.

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."eventStateOrRegion" = 'MT' AND c."eventCountry" = 'USA'
  AND c."mKey" IN (SELECT o.case_mkey FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o WHERE o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o."occurrenceCode" = 200)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb?occurrence=200&state=MT

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