# NTSB ANC03LA021: de Havilland DHC-3, N3904, Nikolai, AK, December 28, 2002 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: December 28, 2002, 12:30 local (16:30 UTC) - Place: Nikolai, AK - Coordinates: 62.866664, -153.916671 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=62.8667&lon=-153.9167&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report March 2, 2004 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Alaska Regional Office - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 56267 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ANC03LA021 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/56267/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC03LA021 ## Probable cause An improper and undocumented major repair of the elevator torque tube support assembly by an unknown person, which resulted in an in-flight disconnection of the airplane's right elevator, and a jammed rudder. A factor associated with the accident is the inadequate inspection of the airplane by company maintenance personnel. ## Analysis The commercial certificated pilot reported that just after takeoff in a wheel/ski equipped airplane, he heard a very loud bang, followed by a loud rattling noise. As he turned towards the departure airstrip, he had difficulty using the airplane's rudder pedals. Using a combination of aileron input and the remaining amount of rudder control, he was able to maneuver the airplane for a landing on the airstrip. He said that as the airplane passed over the approach end of the airstrip, it drifted to the right, and he initiated a go-around. The airplane subsequently collided with a stand of trees bordering the airstrip, and sustained structural damage to the wings, fuselage, and empennage. In a written statement to the NTSB, the pilot stated that he suspected that the right elevator's outboard and center hinges or hinge pins failed, allowing the right elevator to swing rearward and jam the airplane's rudder. An FAA airworthiness inspector traveled to the accident scene to examine the airplane. He reported that the right elevator was discovered about 150 feet behind the airplane, within the wreckage debris path through a stand of trees. He said that the right elevator sustained a significant amount of damage along the leading edge, which would normally be protected by the horizontal stabilizer. The FAA inspector examined the airplane's horizontal stabilizer in the area where the right and left elevators connect, and noted signs of new paint on the rivets that held the torque tube support assembly, indicating recent reinstallation or replacement of the torque tube support assembly. He indicated that the torque tube support assembly was installed at a slight angle to the right, which allowed the right elevator to eventually slip off of the center and outboard hinge pins. The inspector said that witness marks on the center and outboard hinge pins showed signs of excessive wear towards the outboard portion of each pin. The inspector noted that a review of the airplane's maintenance records failed to disclose any entries of repair/replacement of the elevator torque tube support assembly. ## Factual narrative On December 28, 2002, about 1230 Alaska standard time, a wheel/ski-equipped de Havilland DHC-3 (Otter) airplane, N3904, sustained substantial damage when it collided with trees during an attempted emergency landing and subsequent go-around, at a private airstrip, located about 35 miles east of Nikolai, Alaska. The pilot reported a partial flight control malfunction just after takeoff, and was attempting to return to the departure airstrip. The airplane was being operated as a visual flight rules (VFR) cross-country positioning flight under Title 14, CFR Part 91, when the accident occurred. The airplane was owned by Chinook Air, LLC, and operated by Grasshopper Aviation, Wasilla, Alaska. The commercial certificated pilot, and the one passenger aboard, were not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and VFR company flight following procedures were in effect. The flight originated at the accident airstrip, about 1225, and was en route to the Wasilla Airport, Wasilla, Alaska. During a telephone conversation with the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigator-in-charge on December 28, the pilot said that the purpose of the flight was to deliver a load of fuel oil to a remote lodge located about 35 miles east of Nikolai. He said that the outbound flight and arrival at the lodge's private airstrip were uneventful, with no mechanical anomalies noted. He added that the airplane remained on the ground for about 45 minutes while the fuel oil was unloaded, and that the airplane was empty for the return flight to Wasilla. The pilot reported that just after a normal westerly takeoff from the 1,000 by 30 foot snow-covered airstrip, as the airplane climbed to about 800 feet above the ground, and the airspeed increased to about 55 knots, he heard a very loud bang, followed by a loud rattling noise. The pilot said that as he was attempting to turn the airplane around and return to the departure airstrip, he experienced considerable difficulty in maintaining directional control using the airplane's rudder pedals. Using a combination of aileron control, and the remaining amount of rudder control, he was able to maneuver the airplane for an easterly landing on the airstrip. The pilot said that as the airplane passed over the approach end of the airstrip, the airplane drifted to the right, and he initiated a go-around. The airplane subsequently collided with a stand of trees on the south side of the airstrip, and sustained substantial damage to the wings, fuselage, and empennage. In a written statement to the NTSB, the pilot wrote, in part: "It is my conclusion the outboard hinge or pin failed causing the elevator to produce the noise that was initially heard. While attempting to return to the airstrip, the elevator continued to fail until upon short final, the elevator was only held on by the inboard attach point. The elevator then swung rearward and jammed into the rudder. The elevator was hanging below the stabilizer and impacted the first spruce tree. The damage to the stabilizer was subsequent to the elevator being torn off." A Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airworthiness inspector, Anchorage Flight Standards District Office, traveled to the accident scene to examine the airplane before recovery efforts were started. The inspector reported that the right hand elevator was discovered about 150 feet behind the airplane, within the wreckage debris path through the stand of trees. He said that the right hand elevator sustained a significant amount of damage along the leading edge, which would normally be protected by the aft portion of the right horizontal stabilizer. He added that the right horizontal stabilizer sustained structural damage during the collision with the stand of trees. On May 2, the airplane was retrieved from the accident airstrip and transported by insurance personnel to a wreckage storage facility located in Wasilla, Alaska. On May 29, the FAA airworthiness inspector, along with an FAA metallurgy/composites technical specialist from the Anchorage Aircraft Certification Office (ACO), inspected the airplane wreckage in Wasilla. The FAA inspector related that the elevators on the DHC-3 airplane are attached to the horizontal stabilizer by means of a center hinge bracket and an outboard hinge bracket. The center hinge bracket has a 1/4-inch by 2-inch long pin assembly, and the outboard hinge bracket has a 5/16-inch by 2-inch long pin assembly. The left and right hand elevators are connected to each other by means of a torque tube assembly located mid span within the tail of the airplane. The torque tube assembly is held in place by a torque tube support assembly. The inspector reported that during a detailed inspection of the accident airplane's horizontal stabilizer, specifically in the area where the right and left elevators connect together, he noted signs of new paint on the rivets that held the torque tube support assembly in place, indicating recent reinstallation or replacement of the torque tube support assembly. He added that the torque tube support assembly was installed at a slight angle to the right, which allowed the right elevator to eventually slip off of the center and outboard hinge pins. The inspector said that witness marks on the center and outboard pins showed signs of excessive wear towards the outboard portion of each pin. The inspector added that a review of the accident airplane's maintenance records failed to disclose any maintenance log entries concerning repairs/replacement of the elevator torque tube support assembly. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Airframe/component/system failure/malfunction, climb - flight control,elevator attachment - asymmetrical (cause) - maintenance,major repair - improper, unknown (cause) - maintenance,inspection - inadequate, company maintenance personnel (contributing factor) - flight control,elevator - disconnected (cause) - flight control,rudder - jammed (contributing factor) - Loss of control - in flight, emergency descent/landing - rudder - restricted - In flight collision with object, go-around (vfr) - object - tree(s) ## Aircraft - Registration: [N3904](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N3904-2013-03-08), registration cancelled 2013-03-08, S/N 54, built 1954 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: de Havilland DHC-3 - Registry model: [Dehavilland DHC-3](https://openairdocs.org/model/dehavilland-dhc-3) (registry code 2800202) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Pratt & Whitney R1340 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/pratt-whitney-r1340-series) (registry code 52016, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 54 - Airframe hours: 16437 - Engines: Pratt & Whitney R-1340-59 600 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Positioning, Part 91 - Operator: Glenn, David Hamilton, doing business as Grasshopper Avaition - Registered owner: Chinook Air LLC - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, April 12, 2002, 85 hours before - Departed: 5NI, Nikolai, AK - Destination: 5NI, Nikolai, AK - Airport: Mystic Lake Airstrip ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 58; injuries: none; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine sea, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; last flight review August 23, 2002; seat: left; flight hours: 4,000 total, 400 in this make and model, 4,000 as pilot in command, 21 in the last 90 days, 7 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 30 statute miles - Temperature: -17 °F ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20021228035099A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20021228035099A), Dec 28, 2002: Dhav DHC3, Nicolai, AK, Destroyed. (-23) On December 30, 2002 DHC-3 (otter) crashed on landing at a remote lodge strip (amos lakes), approximately 40 miles north of farewell Alaska. As of this… ## Other investigations on N3904 (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB ANC83IA007](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC83IA007), Oct 27, 1982: de Havilland DHC-3 (N3904), Homer, AK, incident, minor damage From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.