# NTSB ANC04LA052: Douglas C-54B, N44911, McGrath, AK, May 8, 2004 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: May 7, 2004, 21:30 local (May 8, 2004, 05:30 UTC) - Place: McGrath, AK - Coordinates: 63.007221, -156.512222 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=63.0072&lon=-156.5122&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Standing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/150) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report October 28, 2004 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Alaska Regional Office - Parties: FAA-AL-FAI FSDO 01 - NTSB case key (mKey): 59185 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ANC04LA052 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/59185/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC04LA052 ## Probable cause A fuel tank explosion in the left wing auxiliary fuel tank, and subsequent fuel fire that occurred during engine start for an undetermined reason. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Explosion, standing - starting engine(s) - fuel system,tank - exploded - reason for occurrence undetermined (cause) - fluid,fuel - fire ## Analysis The crew of the 4 engine airplane started its engines for a positioning flight from a remote mining airstrip. Following the startup of the engines, an explosion occurred in the left wing area aft of the number 1 engine firewall and number 1 auxiliary fuel tank. The airplane was parked next to the mine's fuel storage tank, and the pilot added power on the remaining engines to move away from the storage tank. Within seconds of beginning to move, the number 1 engine fell off the burning wing, followed by separation and aft folding of the outboard end of the left wing. The outboard end of the wing, however, was still attached via control cables. The pilot taxied the airplane about 200 feet, dragging the partially burning left wing segment to a pond of water and shut down the remaining engines. The crew evacuated with no injuries. Water was applied to the airplane until the fire was extinguished, about 3 1/2 hours later. NTSB and FAA personnel did not travel to the scene, and the airplane was not recovered from the mining strip. The airplane's left wing powerplant and fuel system consists of the number 1 and 2 engines. Each engine is separated from the wing by a firewall. Within the wing, from outboard to inboard, the fuel tank system consists of the number 1 fuel tank, the left wing auxiliary fuel tank, and the number 2 fuel tank. Each wet-wing type fuel tank contains a submerged electrical boost pump, sump drain valves and fuel quantity transmitters. The fuel system has selector valves, crossfeed valves, and shut-off valves for each tank. An FAA inspector examined portions of the airplane that the operator supplied. The inspector examined a portion of the upper wing surface that had been blown away from the airplane during the initial explosion. He noted that the inside of the upper wing surface, normally positioned over the auxiliary tank, was not charred or sooted. A separated portion of the lower wing surface, near the auxiliary boost pump, was sooted and charred. The aft side of the number 1 engine firewall was not charred. A portion of the number 1 engine nacelle was oily, but not sooted or charred. The operator located the auxiliary in-tank boost pump and sent it to the FAA. The boost pump impeller, encased in a small wire cage, was not melted and could be turned by hand. The body of the pump was sooted but not thermally damaged. Its wire connectors and one fuel line were melted. A smaller line, what appeared to be a return line, was not melted. ## Factual narrative On May 7, 2004, about 2130 Alaska daylight time, a Douglas C-54B airplane, N44911, sustained substantial damage when an explosion and fire occurred in the left wing during engine start at the Ganes Creek Mine airstrip, about 25 miles west of McGrath, Alaska. The airplane was being operated as a visual flight rules (VFR) positioning flight under Title 14, CFR Part 91, when the accident occurred. The airplane was operated by Brooks Fuel Inc., Fairbanks, Alaska. The captain and first officer, both airline transport certificated pilots, were not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and VFR company flight following procedures were in effect. The intended destination was Fairbanks. During a telephone conversation with the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigator-in-charge (IIC), on May 8, the vice president of Brooks Fuel Inc., reported that the crew was beginning engine start procedures and successfully started engines number 4, 3, 2, and 1 in succession. Following the startup of the number 1 engine, an explosion occurred in the left wing area between engines 1 and 2. The crew shutdown engine 1, and applied engine power in the remaining engines and taxied away from the area of the explosion. Fire continued to burn in the wing area. Engine 1 and the remaining outboard section of the left wing separated from the rest of the wing. The crew then stopped about mid-field and disembarked the airplane. In the Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report (NTSB Form 6120.1), submitted by the operator, the crew of the airplane reported that seconds after the number 1 engine start was complete, an explosion occurred in the area aft of the number 1 engine firewall and number 1 auxiliary fuel tank. The left wing auxiliary fuel tank is not normally used. The aircraft was parked next to the mine's fuel storage tank, and pilot added power on the remaining engines to move away from the storage tank. Within seconds of beginning to move, the number 1 engine, including its firewall, fell off the burning wing, followed by separation and aft folding of the outboard end of the left wing. The outboard end of the wing, however, was still attached via control cables. The pilot taxied the airplane about 200 feet, dragging the partially burning left wing segment to a pond of water and shut down the remaining engines. The crew evacuated with no injuries. The mine owner responded to the scene with a bulldozer and gasoline powered water pump. The airplane was pushed another 200 feet down the runway by the dozer to an area of more water. Water was applied to the aircraft until the fire was extinguished, about 0100. NTSB and Fairbanks FSDO personnel did not travel to the scene, and the airplane was not recovered from the mining strip. The airplane's left wing powerplant and fuel system consists of the number 1 and 2 engines. Each engine is separated from the wing by a firewall. Within the wing, from outboard to inboard, the fuel tank system consists of the number 1 fuel tank, the left wing auxiliary fuel tank, and the number 2 fuel tank. Each wet-wing type fuel tank contains a submerged electrical boost pump, sump drain valves, and fuel quantity transmitters. The fuel system has selector valves, crossfeed valves, and shut-off valves for each tank. An FAA inspector examined portions of the airplane that the operator brought into Fairbanks. The inspector examined a portion of the upper wing surface that had been blown away from the airplane during the initial explosion. He noted that the inside of the upper wing surface, normally positioned over the auxiliary tank, was not charred or sooted. A separated portion of the lower wing surface, near the auxiliary boost pump, was sooted and charred. The aft side of the number 1 engine firewall was not charred. A portion of the number 1 engine nacelle was oily, but not sooted or charred. The operator located the auxiliary in-tank boost pump and sent it to the FAA. The boost pump impeller, encased in a small wire cage, was not melted and could be turned by hand. The body of the pump was sooted but not thermally damaged. Its wire connectors and one fuel line were melted. A smaller line, what appeared to be a return line, was not melted. The FAA inspector tested the number 1 engine auxiliary boost pump switch by moving the switch through its on/off stroke, and reported: "The #1 Aux Pump control switch action is rough. Performing a continuity check on the switch revealed the switch would close part-way through the stroke and open when the action reached the full stroke." ## Aircraft - Registration: [N44911](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N44911-2017-07-20), registration cancelled 2017-07-20, S/N 10461, built 1944 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Douglas C-54B - Registry model: [Douglas C54B-DC](https://openairdocs.org/model/douglas-c54b-dc) (registry code 3021516) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Amateur-built UNKNOWN ENG](https://openairdocs.org/engine/amateur-built-unknown-eng) (registry code 99999) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 10461 - Airframe hours: 29667 - Engines: Pratt & Whitney R-2000 1450 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Positioning, Part 91 - Registered owner: Brooks Fuel Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Transport - Last inspection: AAIP, April 16, 2004, 66 hours before - Departed: McGrath, AK - Destination: PAFA, Fairbanks, AK - Flight plan: Company VFR - Airport: Ganes Creek ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 40; injuries: none; commercial, airline transport; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; last flight review February 1, 2004; seat: left; flight hours: 11,250 total, 5,630 in this make and model - Co-pilot; age 59; injuries: none; airline transport, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; last flight review November 11, 2003; seat: right; flight hours: 7,465 total, 1,560 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 190° at 4 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 18,000 ft broken - Temperature: 68 °F, dew point 39 °F - Altimeter: 29.76 inHg - Observed at: PAMC, 25 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20040507007689A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20040507007689A), May 7, 2004: Doug C54BDC, Mcgrath, AK, Destroyed. (-23) Brooks air fuel a/c N44911 had an explosion in the area of number one engine after engine startup. This was a four-engine start sequence in which the #1… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.