# NTSB ANC06LA074: Cessna 185F, N94204, Bettles, AK, June 22, 2006 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: June 21, 2006, 18:35 local (Jun 22, 2006, 02:35 UTC) - Place: Bettles, AK - Coordinates: 66.889167, -151.484725 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=66.8892&lon=-151.4847&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 2 serious - Status: Completed, report April 25, 2007 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Alaska Regional Office - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 63958 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ANC06LA074 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/63958/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC06LA074 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed during takeoff, which resulted in an inadvertent stall and collision with terrain. Factors contributing to the accident were the inadvertent stall, and an unfavorable wind. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of control - in flight, takeoff - initial climb - weather condition - unfavorable wind (contributing factor) - terrain condition - rising - airspeed(vs) - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - stall - inadvertent, pilot in command (contributing factor) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled - terrain condition - soft ## Analysis The airline transport certificated pilot and the sole passenger were departing to the south from a seaplane base in a float-equipped airplane, under Title 14, CFR part 91. Winds were reported to be 230 degrees (true) at 8 knots, with gusts to 14 knots. A witness who saw the airplane begin the takeoff run said that as the airplane continued its takeoff run towards the south, it "staggered into the air near the south end of the lake, then turned east, away from an area of slight rising terrain, and downwind." She said that the nose of the airplane then pitched sharply to the right, then to the left, and descended nose first, behind several trees. Postaccident investigation revealed that the airplane came to rest nose down in swampy terrain. No mechanical anomalies were noted with the airframe, engine, or engine accessories. The pilot noted in his written statement to the NTSB that just after takeoff, he began a slight turn to the east to avoid the rising terrain, and encountered a decreasing windshear. He said that the airplane stalled, and crashed at a point between the waterline and the trees. He stated that there were no preaccident mechanical problems with the airplane, and noted that he believed the four-point seat and shoulder harness restraint system in the airplane saved their lives. ## Factual narrative On June 21, 2006, about 1835 Alaska daylight time, a float-equipped Cessna 185F airplane, N94204, sustained substantial damage following a loss of control, and subsequent collision with tundra-covered terrain, after takeoff from the VOR Lake Waterlane Seaplane Base, Bettles, Alaska. The airplane was being operated as a visual flight rules (VFR) cross-country personal flight under Title 14, CFR Part 91 when the accident occurred. The airplane owner/pilot operated the airplane. The airline transport certificated pilot and the sole passenger were seriously injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident, and no flight plan was filed. The flight originated about 1825, and was en route to an undisclosed remote location. During a telephone conversation with the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigator-in-charge (IIC) on June 22, a witness reported that she first saw the accident airplane attempt a westerly departure from the seaplane base, but that departure was aborted when the airplane neared the west shoreline of the lake. The airplane then taxied to the north end of the lake, and started a south-southeasterly takeoff run. She said that the airplane appeared to be "slow in getting up on the step" as it passed by her location on the west shoreline. She said that as the airplane continued its takeoff run towards the south, it "staggered into the air near the south end of the lake, then turned east, away from an area of slight rising terrain, and downwind." The nose of the airplane then pitched sharply to the right, then to the left, and descended nose first behind several trees. The accident pilot provided a written statement included within his NTSB Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report (NTSB Form 6120.1/2). The pilot wrote, in part: "After liftoff, began a slight turn to the east to avoid the rising terrain and encountered a decreasing windshear. The aircraft stalled, and without enough altitude to recover, crashed at a point between the waterline and the trees." The pilot also noted that there were no preaccident mechanical anomalies with the accident airplane. Additionally, in the section of the NTSB Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report provided for recommendations on how the accident might have been prevented, the pilot wrote, in part: "With slightly higher density altitude and winds gusting over the hills, the flight could have been delayed until the temperature cooled, and the winds stabilized to avoid any windshear. The closest weather observation station is at the Bettles Airport, about 2 miles northwest of the accident site. On June 21, at 1905, an Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) was reporting in part: Sky conditions and ceiling, 6,500 scattered, 9,500 scattered, 20,000 scattered; visibility, 10 statute miles; wind, 230 degrees (true) at 8 knots, with gusts to 14 knots. A Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airworthiness inspector, Fairbanks Flight Standards District Office, examined the airplane at the accident scene on June 22. He reported the airplane came to rest vertically, nose down in soft, marsh-covered swampy terrain. The engine cowling, fuselage firewall, and the instrument panel were crushed and displaced aft. The main/cockpit cabin area of the fuselage was extensively crushed and distorted. The primary crush zones extended from the firewall area back to about the forward doorpost, and encompassed the pilot and front seat passenger area. The wing fuel tanks were breached from impact damage. The propeller blades sustained slight aft curling. In the pilot's written statement to the NTSB he credited his survival, as well as his passenger's survival, to a recently installed BAS, Inc., four-point shoulder harness and lap belt restraint system. He wrote, in part: "The BAS seat and shoulder harness [system] installed saved our lives, and we escaped without any internal injuries." The airplane was retrieved from the accident site and transported to Wasilla, Alaska. On July 18, 2006, an engine tear down and inspection was conducted under the direction of the NTSB IIC, at Alaskan Aircraft Engines, Inc., Anchorage, Alaska. Also present at the engine tear down and inspection was an aviation safety inspector from the FAA's Fairbanks Flight Standards District Office, along with representatives from Teledyne Continental Motors. No preimpact mechanical anomalies were noted during the examination of the engine or engine accessories. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N94204](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N94204-2007-10-11), registration cancelled 2007-10-11, S/N 18503289, built 1977 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 185F - Registry model: [Cessna A185F](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-a185f) (registry code 2072821) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental IO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-io-520-series) (registry code 17032, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 18503289 - Airframe hours: 6757.3 - Engines: Continental IO-520 300 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: James C. & Anita L. McMillin - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, April 1, 2006, 20 hours before - Departed: 2A4, Bettles, AK - Airport: 2A4, VOR Lake Waterlane Seaplane ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 47; injuries: serious; flight engineer, airline transport, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine land, single-engine sea, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, without waivers/limitations; last flight review October 1, 2004; seat: left; flight hours: 6,500 total, 270 in this make and model, 3,700 as pilot in command, 14 in the last 90 days, 14 in the last 30 days, 4 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 230° at 8 knots, gusting 14 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Temperature: 70 °F, dew point 45 °F - Observed at: PABT, 2 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20060621012599A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20060621012599A), Jun 21, 2006: Cessna A185F, Bettles, AK, Destroyed. (-23) [privacy data omitted] on the second attempt to take off the pilot got the aircraft airborne and could not clear the tree line at the end of the lake. At… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.