# NTSB ANC07LA059: Piper PA-31, N3535F, Kotzebue, AK, June 29, 2007 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: June 28, 2007, 18:15 local (Jun 29, 2007, 02:15 UTC) - Place: Kotzebue, AK - Coordinates: 66.8847222222222, -162.598611111111 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=66.8847&lon=-162.5986&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report March 31, 2008 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Alaska Regional Office - Parties: FAA-AL FAI FSDO 01 - NTSB case key (mKey): 66127 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ANC07LA059 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/66127/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC07LA059 ## Probable cause Locked parking brakes and the operator's maintenance personnel's failure to properly secure the parking brake cable at its fuselage attaching clamp. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Airframe/component/system failure/malfunction, landing - roll - maintenance,installation - inadequate, company maintenance personnel (cause) - miscellaneous,bolt/nut/fastener/clamp/spring - not secured (cause) - landing gear,parking brake - locked (cause) - Loss of control - on ground/water, landing - roll - directional control - not possible, pilot in command - On ground/water encounter with terrain/water, landing - roll - terrain condition - ditch ## Analysis The airline transport pilot reported that at the start of his second flight of the day, the airplane's brakes appeared to be locked, but the parking brake was not set. He was able to unlock the brakes by manipulating the parking brake several times, applying engine power, and by moving the nose gear steering via the rudder pedals several times. The airplane brakes released, but he did not report the brake problem to the operator. While landing at the end of the third flight, the pilot said that as soon as all three landing gear tires were on the ground, the airplane began a gradual right turn. He said he applied left brake and left rudder with minimal effect. The left main landing gear tire produced a skid mark on the runway as the airplane overshot the planned taxiway exit, and then departed off the right edge of the runway. The airplane received structural damage to the fuselage and wing spars. The airplane was equipped with hydraulic brakes, and a hydraulic parking brake valve. The parking brake valve is activated by a cable between the valve and the parking brake handle. Application of the airplane's brakes via pedal pressure, and then pulling out on the parking brake handle, sets the parking brake. After recovery from the ditch, an FAA inspector, accompanied by a mechanic from the operator, examined the airplane. Their examination revealed that the parking brake cable was not securely fastened to the airframe by its attaching clamp. This could allow the outer cable housing to move independent of the inner wire attached to the parking brake valve, and could prevent parking brake release. Partial valve activation could hold hydraulic brake pressure on the airplane's brakes, if the brakes were touched during flight. ## Factual narrative On June 28, 2007, about 1815 Alaska daylight time, a Piper PA-31 airplane, N3535F, sustained substantial damage when it departed the runway surface and collided with a ditch during the landing roll at the Ralph Wien Memorial Airport, Kotzebue, Alaska. The airplane was being operated as a visual flight rules (VFR) cross-country positioning flight under Title 14, CFR Part 91, when the accident occurred. The airplane was operated by Frontier Flying Service Inc., Fairbanks, Alaska. The airline transport certificated pilot, the sole occupant, was not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and VFR company flight following procedures were in effect. The flight originated at the Selawik Airport, Selawik, Alaska, about 1745. During a telephone conversation with the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigator-in-charge (IIC), on June 28, the airport manager at the Kotzebue Airport reported that the accident airplane was landing on runway 26, and appeared to start a right turn at taxiway E, into the ramp area. The airplane produced a skid mark on the runway surface that overshot taxiway E, and then departed off the right edge of the runway into a ditch. The airplane received damage to the propellers, landing gear, and fuselage. During a telephone conversation with the NTSB IIC, on July 2, the pilot reported that he had flown several flights from Kotzebue to Selawik and back on the day of the accident. He said that when preparing to leave the parking area at Selawik during his second flight of the day, the airplane's brakes appeared to be locked, but the parking brake was not set. He was able to free the airplane by manipulating the parking brake several times, applying engine power, and by moving the nose gear steering via the rudder pedals several times. The airplane brakes released, and he had no further problems until the last landing of the day at Kotzebue, which was his third flight of the day. The pilot said he did not report the brake problem to the operator. The pilot said he touched down on the dry surface of runway 26, about 1/2 way from the threshold and taxiway E, and as soon as all three landing gear tires were on the ground, the airplane began a gradual right turn. He said he applied left brake and left rudder, but he could only change the ultimate location of the departure from the runway by a small amount. On July 2, the assistant director of maintenance for the operator reported that the airplane received structural damage to the fuselage bulkhead at the front of the windshield, and damage to the aft spar of each wing at the landing gear attach points. The Kotzebue Airport is equipped with a hard-surfaced runway on a 080 to 260 degree magnetic orientation, and a gravel-surfaced runway on a 170 to 350 degree magnetic orientation. Runway 26 is 5,900 feet long, and 150 feet wide. Taxiway E, which has a diagonal right turn into the airport ramp area, is 3,431 feet from the threshold of runway 26. At 1824, a special weather observation at the Kotzebue Airport was reporting, in part: Wind, 160 degrees (true) at 13 knots; visibility, 10 statute miles; clouds and sky condition, 2,500 feet scattered, 4,300 feet scattered, 8,500 feet overcast; temperature, 57 degrees F; dew point, 50 degrees F; altimeter, 29.82 inHg. The airplane is equipped with hydraulic brakes, and a hydraulic parking brake valve. The parking brake valve is activated by a cable between the valve and the parking brake handle. Application of the airplane's brakes via pedal pressure, and then pulling out on the parking brake handle, sets the parking brake. After recovery from the ditch, a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector from the Fairbanks Flight Standards District Office (FSDO), Fairbanks, Alaska, accompanied by a mechanic from the operator, examined the airplane. Their examination revealed that the parking brake cable was not securely fastened to the airframe by its attaching clamp. This could allow the outer cable housing to move independent of the inner wire attached to the parking brake valve, and could prevent parking brake release. Partial valve activation could hold hydraulic brake pressure on the airplane's brakes, if the brakes were touched during flight. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N3535F](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N3535F-2018-01-18), registration cancelled 2018-01-18, S/N 31-7952200, built 1979 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Piper PA-31 - Registry model: [Piper PA-31-350](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-31-350) (registry code 7103110) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming TI0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-ti0-540-series) (registry code 41533, turbo-prop) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 31-7952200 - Airframe hours: 25529 - Engines: Lycoming TIO-540-J2B 350 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Positioning, Part 91 - Registered owner: Frontier Flying Service Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: AAIP, June 1, 2007, 48 hours before - Departed: PASK, Selawik, AK - Destination: PAOT, Kotzebue, AK - Flight plan: Company VFR - Airport: PAOT, Kotzebue, runway 26, 5,900 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 41; injuries: none; airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, without waivers/limitations; last flight review February 1, 2007; seat: left; flight hours: 10,000 total, 4,000 in this make and model, 10,000 as pilot in command ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 160° at 13 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 4,300 ft broken - Temperature: 57 °F, dew point 50 °F - Altimeter: 29.81 inHg - Observed at: PAOT ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20070628010349A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20070628010349A), Jun 28, 2007: Piper PA31350, Kotzebue, AK, Substantial damage. (-23) N3535F landed at Kotzebue, AK at approximately 2000 local time. Pilot stated that the aircraft pulled off to the right and he exited the runway beyond… ## Other investigations on N3535F (2) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB ANC05LA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC05LA075), May 10, 2005: Piper PA-31-350 (N3535F), Elim, AK, substantial damage. Probable cause: An improper installation of a fuel line fitting by company maintenance personnel, which resulted in a fuel leak and subsequent in-flight engine compartment fire during cruise flight that was… - [NTSB ANC02LA104](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC02LA104), Aug 24, 2002: Piper PA-31-350 (N3535F), Nuiqsut, AK, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's inadvertent wheels-up landing. Factors contributing to the accident were the pilot's failure to complete the prelanding checklist, his diverted attention, and a delayed gear warning horn… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.