# NTSB ANC20LA046: Cessna A185, N5454E, Nuiqsut, AK, May 15, 2020 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: May 14, 2020, 22:00 local (May 15, 2020, 06:00 UTC) - Place: Nuiqsut, AK - Coordinates: 70.735275, -153.73777 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=70.7353&lon=-153.7378&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Enroute: Controlled flight into terr/obj (CFIT)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal, 1 serious - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Alaska Regional Office - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 101276 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ANC20LA046 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/101276/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=101276 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC20LA046 ## Probable cause The pilot’s controlled flight into flat snow-covered terrain in weather conditions that were conducive to flat light conditions. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Info processing/decision: decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna A185F, 13 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md?model=2072821), [All aircraft, 3,098 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md) - [Light condition: flat light](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03036025): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Cessna A185F, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03036025/cases.md?model=2072821), [All aircraft, 42 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03036025/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Enroute: Controlled flight into terr/obj (CFIT)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna A185F, 5 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120/sequence.md?model=2072821), [All aircraft, 1,074 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot was conducting a commercial flight in his wheel/ski-equipped airplane with one passenger onboard in support of an arctic research project. He had overflown a potential landing site on a snow-and-ice-covered lake at a low altitude, and the area was determined to be unsuitable for landing. According to the passenger, after overflying the area the pilot initiated a left turn, toward the shoreline to return to their destination and subsequently impacted the ground. GPS data from the accident flight revealed that the airplane flew along the north shore of the lake at a GPS altitude of about 136 ft variable to 232 ft before initiating a left turn and descending until it impacted terrain. The passenger stated that the pilot had not voiced any concerns before the accident with regard to any preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions that would have precluded normal operation and the plane sounded “good” during the accident flight. While the passenger reported a cabin and potential vegetation and terrain features visible in the left turn just before impact, it is likely that cloud conditions and snow-covered terrain present in the area resulted in flat light conditions, which would have hindered the pilot’s ability to perceive terrain features and closure rates. ## Factual narrative FAA Handbook 8086-23, Seaplane, Skiplane, and Float/Ski Equipped Helicopter Operations Handbook and states, in part: Pilots routinely encounter three types of lighting conditions when flying skiplanes. They are flat light, whiteout and nighttime. Flat lighting is due to an overcast or broken sky condition with intermittent sunlight. Hills, valleys and snow mounds take on varying shade of white, and may appear taller, shorter, or wider than they really are. This indirect lighting alters depth perception. The pilot may not realize that depth perception has been compromised and this can cause serious consequences when operating ski planes near hilly terrain. When flat light is encountered, avoid or discontinue flight operations, especially at an unfamiliar strip. No maintenance records were located for the accident airplane. On May 14, 2020, about 2200 Alaska daylight time, a Cessna A185F, N5454E sustained substantial damage when it was involved in an accident about 72 miles northwest of Nuiqsut, Alaska. The pilot was fatally injured, and the passenger sustained serious injuries. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 135 on-demand passenger flight. The flight was operated by Webster’s Flying Service as a day, visual flight rules flight to support a research project being conducted by the University of Alaska Fairbanks. The airplane had departed Fairbanks International Airport, Fairbanks, Alaska on Wednesday May 13, 2020, and was repositioned to a cabin located on Teshekpuk Lake, North Slope Borough, Alaska, in support of the project. According to the passenger, the “Old Knarl Cabin,” located on the northwest corner of Teshekpuk Lake, was being used as a remote arctic research facility and their base of operations. One flight had been completed earlier in the day and returned to the Old Knarl Cabin at about 1700 Alaska daylight time. After dinner, the pilot checked the weather via satellite internet and filed an FAA flight plan. About 1945, they departed for multiple off-airport landing sites located in the vicinity of Teshekpuk Lake. Upon their return, they elected to fly over the North Slope Borough Wildlife Cabin located on the northern shore of Teshekpuk Lake and assess the area as a possible landing site. The cabin was overflown at an altitude estimated to be 200-300 ft above ground level (AGL) and the area was determined to be unsuitable for landing. He said that after overflying the cabin and proceeding over the lake, they entered a left turn towards the shoreline, for the 4-mile flight back to the Old Knarl Cabin and subsequently impacted the ground. The passenger stated that flat light conditions would have been a concern out on the lake where no terrain features were visible; however, off the pilot’s side of the airplane and in the left turn, the cabin and vegetation sticking through the snow would have been visible to the pilot providing some definition to the white-on-white background. Following theaccident, the passenger manually activated the airplane’s emergency locator transmitter and sent a distress signal via his personal satellite communicator. The passenger said the pilot had not voiced any concerns before the accident with regard to any preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions that would have precluded normal operation and the plane sounded “good”. GPS data logs downloaded for the accident flight revealed a date and time that did not correspond to the accident flight. However, a data log was discovered that corresponded to the last flight and ended near the accident location. That data log revealed that the airplane flew along the north shore of Teshekpuk Lake at a GPS altitude of about 136 ft variable to 232 ft before initiating a left turn and descending. The last fully recorded in-flight data point was when the airplane was at a GPS altitude of 232 ft and 89 knots groundspeed on a track of 335° (see figure). Figure - Last minutes of flight ground track. The pilot’s personal flight records were not located. On the application for his most recent medical certificate, he indicated about 28,132 hours of total flight experience, of which 0 were in the previous 6 months. Due to its remote arctic location, at the date of this report, the wreckage had not been recovered and therefore, a detailed wreckage examination was not conducted. The wreckage and accident site were evaluated using available photographs provided by North Slope Borough Police Department. The airplane impacted on its left side in a nose low attitude and came to rest inverted in an area of flat snow-covered terrain. An area believed to be the initial impact site was marked by disturbed snow and small wreckage debris followed. The three-blade propeller separated from the engine’s crankshaft and was located within the debris field. Two blades exhibited torsional bending. One blade exhibited substantial torsional twisting and S-bending. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N5454E](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N5454E-2022-12-24), registration cancelled 2022-12-24, S/N 18503974, built 1980 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna A185 (F) - Registry model: [Cessna A185F](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-a185f) (registry code 2072821) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental IO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-io-520-series) (registry code 17032, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 18503974 - Year built: 1980 - Airframe hours: 15202.9 - Engines: Continental IO-520 300 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Part 135 - Operator: Webster James M - Registered owner: Webster James M - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, January 17, 2020 - Departed: Nuiqsut, AK - Destination: Nuiqsut, AK - Flight plan: VFR - Equipment: Handheld GPS ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 76; injuries: fatal; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine sea, single-engine land, multi-engine land, single-engine sea; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 26,132 total ## Weather - Conditions: Day - Wind: 40° at 9 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 700 ft overcast - Temperature: 25 °F - Altimeter: 30.43 inHg - Observed at: PAQT, 72 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20200514006749A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20200514006749A), May 14, 2020: Cessna A185F, Nuiqsut, AK, Destroyed, 1 fatal. Facts gathered for this narrative were derived from the passenger (pax) on the flight. The pilot in command (PIC) was fatality injured in this accident. Flight… ## Docket (6 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 18, 2021, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=101276. 2.7 MB in all. - GPS factual report (item 1, PDF, 3 pages, 496 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11843020&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=GPS%20Factual%20ANC20LA046%20-Rel.pdf - GPS factual report - attachment 1 (item 2, CSV, 2 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11842898&FileExtension=csv&FileName=ANC20LA046%20GPS%20Factual%20Att%201%20Data-Rel.csv - Witness statement (item 3, PDF, 35 pages, 120 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11844376&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=ANC20LA046_Jones_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Autopsy memorandum for record (item 4, PDF, 1 page, 114 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11912077&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Autopsy%20Memorandum%20for%20Record-Rel.pdf - Toxicological report (item 5, PDF, 1 page, 386 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=11852160&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Toxicology%20dms_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Photos (item 6, PDF, 4 pages, 1.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12897891&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%20Array-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.