# NTSB ANC94LA035: Cessna 402, N681RC, Kivalina, AK, February 27, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: February 26, 1994, 21:22 local (Feb 27, 1994, 01:22 UTC) - Place: Kivalina, AK - Coordinates: 67.240875, -161.18991 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=67.2409&lon=-161.1899&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 6 uninjured - Status: Completed, report January 18, 1995 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Alaska Regional Office - NTSB case key (mKey): 2487 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ANC94LA035 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/2487/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA035 ## Probable cause THE PILOT'S INADEQUATE COMPENSATION FOR THE WIND CONDITIONS BY LANDING ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE RUNWAY. FACTORS WERE: INADEQUATE SNOW REMOVAL AND THE SNOW COVERED RUNWAY. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of control - on ground/water, landing - roll - airport facilities,runway/landing area condition - snow covered (contributing factor) - airport snow removal - inadequate, airport personnel (contributing factor) - compensation for wind conditions - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - Gear collapsed, landing - roll - landing gear,main gear - overload ## Analysis THE PILOT LANDED AT NIGHT ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE RUNWAY WITH A 19 KT CROSSWIND COMPONENT FROM THE LEFT. DURING THE LANDING ROLL, THE AIRPLANE BEGAN TO DRIFT LEFT TOWARD DRIFTING SNOW, AND SUDDENLY VEERED LEFT AND DEPARTED THE LEFT SIDE OF THE RUNWAY. THE RUNWAY WAS PLOWED IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE ACCIDENT. THE PILOT STATED HE HIT A SNOW DRIFT DURING LANDING. ## Factual narrative On February 26, 1994, at 2122 Alaska standard time, a wheel equipped Cessna 402 airplane, N681RC, registered to and operated by Baker Aviation of Kotzebue, Alaska, collapsed the left main and nose landing gear after landing at Kivalina, Alaska. The personal flight, operating under 14 CFR Part 91, departed Kotzebue and the destination was Kivalina. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and a visual flight rules flight plan was filed. The accident occurred during the hours of darkness. There were no injuries to the Pilot-in-Command or 5 passengers and the airplane received substantial damage. According to the Pilot-in-Command, he overflew the runway to perform a visual inspection as called for in the Alaska Supplement. In the NTSB Form 6120.1/2 the Pilot indicates he observed the direction of the wind but he does not mention the runway condition. He further stated that he touchdown on the first one third of the runway and the airplane began drifting to the left. He applied control corrections but the airplane continued to drift left and departed the left side of the runway. According to one passenger, the wind was blowing from the north because of the crab angle of the airplane. He further stated the airplane landed close to the left hand side of the runway. After landing the airplane began to veer to the left and then departed the left side of the runway. According to the Operator, the pilot overflew the runway before landing. During the landing rollout, about midway down the runway, the airplane struck a snowdrift and collapsed the left main and nose landing gear. The pilot did not see the snowdrift. According to a video tape provided by the company, taken the next morning, the runway was snow covered and packed. The tracks on the left side of the runway show that the runway was recently plowed, further evidenced by the location of the snowplow tracks which go around the tail of the airplane. The video tape also shows snow drifts, which appeared after the runway was plowed and after the accident, that extend from the runway lights into the runway approximately 15 feet. The accident occurred during the hours of darkness. The crosswind component for this landing was 19 knots from the left side. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N681RC](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N681RC), registered now, S/N 402C0002 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 402 - Registry model: [Cessna 402C](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-402c) (registry code 207590R) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental TSIO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-tsio-520-series) (registry code 17040, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 0002 - Airframe hours: 9011 - Engines: CONTINENTAL TSIO-520-VB 325 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Baker Aviation - Registered owner: Baker Aviation - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Provisional (Special); Standard, Normal - Last inspection: AAIP, February 10, 1994, 57 hours before - Departed: OTZ, KOTZEBUE, AK - Flight plan: VFR - Airport: KVL, Kivalina, runway 12, 3,000 × 75 ft, snow ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 30; airline transport, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 4,036 total, 384 in this make and model, 3,812 as pilot in command, 429 in the last 90 days, 151 in the last 30 days, 5 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night/dark - Wind: 20° at 20 knots - Visibility: 7 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: -6 °F ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19940226003039A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940226003039A), Feb 26, 1994: Cessna 402C, Kivalina, AK, Substantial damage. Struck a snowdrift on edge of runway on landing. Collapsed nose and left main gear. Strong crosswind drifting snow. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.