# NTSB ANC94LA082: de Havilland DHC-2, N2297R, Kenai, AK, July 16, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: July 15, 1994, 23:25 local (Jul 16, 1994, 07:25 UTC) - Place: Kenai, AK - Coordinates: 60.660182, -150.900955 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=60.6602&lon=-150.9010&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Takeoff](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/300) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 3 uninjured - Status: Completed, report January 25, 1995 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Alaska Regional Office - NTSB case key (mKey): 2522 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ANC94LA082 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/2522/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA082 ## Probable cause THE PILOT DID NOT USE THE TAKEOFF CHECKLIST TO CONFIRM THAT THE FLAPS WERE EXTENDED FOR THE TAKEOFF. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Overrun, takeoff - roll/run - checklist - not used, pilot in command (cause) - lowering of flaps - not performed, pilot in command (cause) - On ground/water encounter with terrain/water, takeoff - roll/run - object - tree(s) ## Analysis THE PILOT REPORTED THAT HE WAS IN A HURRY TO TAKEOFF BEFORE IT GOT DARK. HE BEGAN THE TAKEOFF WITH THE FLAPS RETRACTED BECAUSE HE DID NOT USE THE PLANE'S TAKEOFF CHECKLIST. HE RECOGNIZED HIS ERROR ABOUT THREE-FOURTHS INTO THE TAKEOFF RUN. HE REASONED THAT IT WAS SAFER TO ATTEMPT TO EXTEND THE FLAPS AND CONTINUE WITH THE TAKEOFF RATHER THAN ABORT. THE PLANE OVERRAN THE SHORELINE AND COLLIDED WITH TREES A SHORT DISTANCE BEYOND. THE PLANE'S CHECKLIST WAS LOCATED ON THE FLIGHT CONTROL YOKE DIRECTLY IN FRONT OF THE PILOT. ## Factual narrative On July 15, 1994, at 2325 Alaska daylight time, a float equipped deHavilland DHC-2 airplane, N2297R, owned and operated by Air Adventures, Inc. of Kenai, Alaska, crashed during takeoff from the Kustatan slough, approximately 19 miles west of Kenai, Alaska. The commercial certificated pilot-in-command and two company employees, the sole occupants, were not injured, and the airplane sustained substantial damage. The business flight was conducted under 14 CFR Part 91 for the purpose of surveying potential fishing areas for clients. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and a company VFR flight plan was in effect. During a telephone interview on the morning of July 16, 1994, the pilot told the NTSB investigator-in-charge that he forgot to extend the plane's wing flaps prior to commencing the takeoff from the slough. The pilot said that he had about a 10 minute taxi and was in a bit of a rush to leave the area before dark. It wasn't until the flight was about 75% into the takeoff run and the plane showed no sign of wanting to fly that he became alerted to the fact that the flaps were up. At this point, he reasoned that it was safer to pump the flaps down and continue the takeoff rather than abort. The plane overran the shoreline and collided with trees a short distance beyond. The pilot said that the checklist for the plane was located directly in front of him on the flight control yoke. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N2297R](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N2297R), registered now, S/N 742, built 1954 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: de Havilland DHC-2 - Registry model: [Dehavilland BEAVER DHC-2 MK.1](https://openairdocs.org/model/dehavilland-beaver-dhc-2-mk-1) (registry code 2800102) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Pratt & Whitney R-985 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/pratt-whitney-r-985-series) (registry code 52008, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 742 - Airframe hours: 5000 - Engines: P&W R-985-14B 450 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Business, Part 91 - Operator: Mcbride, Michael S., doing business as Air Adventures, Inc. - Registered owner: Mcbride, Michael S. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, May 15, 1994, 96 hours before - Flight plan: Company VFR ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 63; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, single-engine sea; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 4,432 total, 1,170 in this make and model, 4,267 as pilot in command, 146 in the last 90 days, 113 in the last 30 days, 5 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 50 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 55 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19940715018089A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940715018089A), Jul 15, 1994: Dhav DHC2MK1, Kenai, AK, Substantial damage. Unable to get on step. Noticed no flaps began pump down. Ran out of lake. Struck trees on shore. ## Other investigations on N2297R (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB ANC94LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA079), Jul 9, 1994: de Havilland DHC-2 (N2297R), Nondalton, AK, substantial damage. Probable cause: THE PILOT'S INADEQUATE COMPENSATION FOR THE WIND CONDITION. A FACTOR IN THE ACCIDENT WAS THE GUSTY WIND CONDITION. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.