# NTSB ANC99IA019: Cessna 207, N1864, Kotzebue, AK, December 23, 1998 - Type: NTSB incident investigation - Classification: Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report - Date: December 23, 1998, 09:05 local (13:05 UTC) - Place: Kotzebue, AK - Coordinates: 67.240165, -161.189682 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=67.2402&lon=-161.1897&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Taxi](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/250) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report February 16, 2001 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Alaska Regional Office - NTSB case key (mKey): 45503 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ANC99IA019 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/45503/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC99IA019 ## Probable cause The pilot's selection of the wrong taxi route. A factor associated with this incident was the absence of taxiway lighting or marking. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - On ground/water encounter with terrain/water, taxi - to takeoff - airport facilities,taxiway condition - snow covered - light condition - dark night - airport facilities,taxiway lighting - not installed (contributing factor) - became lost/disoriented, pilot in command - wrong taxi route - selected, pilot in command (cause) ## Analysis The airplane was taxiing for takeoff at night on a 1,463 feet long, snow covered, unlit and unmarked, taxiway. The pilot inadvertently taxied onto an unmarked vehicle road which crossed the taxiway at a shallow angle. He realized he was not on the taxiway when he saw vehicle headlights in front of him. He turned the airplane toward the runway lights, and the airplane dropped into a ditch. Since being stationed at the airport, the pilot had used the taxiway three times, and always in the daylight. ## Factual narrative On December 23, 1998, at 0905 Alaska standard time, a Cessna 207 airplane, N1864, sustained minor damage when it dropped into a ditch while taxiing for takeoff at the Ralph Wein Memorial Airport, Kotzebue, Alaska. The airline transport pilot and the sole passenger were not injured. The airplane was being operated under 14 CFR Part 135 as Grant Aviation, Inc., Flight 501 from Kotzebue to Noatak, Alaska. Night visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the incident, and a company VFR flight plan was filed. The pilot told the NTSB investigator-in-charge (IIC) during a telephone interview on December 23, that when he called for taxi, the FAA Flight Service Station (FSS) told him that the main runway 08-26 was closed due to a vehicle sweeping snow, and that runway 17 was available. The pilot said he then attempted to taxi to runway 17, and followed tire tracks in the snow on what he believed was the taxiway. He saw automobile headlights coming toward him, then the runway 17 edge lights to his right side, and recognized he was no longer on the taxiway. He turned the airplane toward the runway lights, and the airplane fell into a ditch. Investigation revealed that the airplane had taxied off the taxiway, onto a road which parallels, and then crosses the taxiway at a shallow angle. The intersection is unmarked. The taxiway distance from the edge of runway 08, to the threshold of runway 17 is 1,463 feet. There are no taxiway lights or reflective markers along this route. Both the taxiway and the road were plowed. The pilot said that he had been stationed in Kotzebue since September. He had only used runway 17 three times, and always in the daylight. The FAA Alaskan Region Airports Division, and the State of Alaska-Department of Transportation have the installation of taxiway lights for this route depicted on the blueprints of a nonfunded, future project. Runway 17/35 is not used by air carrier aircraft seating more than 30 persons, and consequently it is not governed by 14 CFR Part 139. FAA Advisory Circular AC 150/5340-24 - Runway And Taxiway Edge Lighting Systems, states in section 4, Taxiway Edge Light Configurations: "lights should be spaced longitudinally not more than 200 feet apart to define the lateral limits of the taxiing path.... Closer spacing of the lights should be provided on ... entrances to taxiways from runways or aprons.... For low activity airports, elevated L-853 reflectors may be used in lieu of edge lights for outlining taxiing areas." No NTSB Pilot / Operator report was received from the pilot. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N1864](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N1864-2001-09-12), registration cancelled 2001-09-12, S/N 20700526 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 207 - Registry model: [Cessna T207A](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-t207a) (registry code 2073614) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 207-00526 - Engines: Continental IO-520 300 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Minor damage - Flight: Part 135 - Registered owner: Grant Aviation, Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Utility; Standard, Normal - Departed: OTZ, AK - Destination: WTK, NOATAK, AK - Flight plan: Company VFR - Airport: OTZ, Kotzebue-Ralph Wein Mem., runway 17, 3,896 × 90 ft, gravel ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 53; airline transport, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine sea, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 5,000 total, 4,900 as pilot in command, 69 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night/dark - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 10 °F, dew point 9 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: OTZ ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Incident 19981223041879I](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19981223041879I), Dec 23, 1998: Cessna T207A, Kotzebue, AK, Minor damage. On December 23, 1998, at 0905 Alaska standard time, a Cessna 207 airplane, N1864, sustained minor damage when it dropped into a ditch while taxiing for takeoff… ## Other investigations on N1864 (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB ANC00LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC00LA021), Dec 24, 1999: Cessna T207A (N1864), Bethel, AK, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's failure to remove frost from the airplane prior to flight, and an inadvertent stall/mush. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.