# NTSB ATL02LA011: Robinson R-22, N4009W, Bunnell, FL, November 9, 2001 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: November 9, 2001, 12:55 local (17:55 UTC) - Place: Bunnell, FL - Coordinates: 29.467777, -81.210556 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=29.4678&lon=-81.2106&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report February 20, 2002 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Orlando FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 53741 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ATL02LA011 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/53741/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL02LA011 ## Probable cause The pilot-in-commands (CFI) failure to follow procedures and directives (positive relinquish of flight controls from a dual student and improper flare (too high) during an autorotation) which resulted in a subsequent hard landing. Contributing to the accident was the dual students failure to relinquish the flight controls. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Hard landing, maneuvering - procedures/directives - not followed, pilot in command(cfi) (cause) - autorotation - performed, dual student - relinquishing of control - not performed, pilot in command(cfi) (cause) - relinquishing of control - not performed, dual student (contributing factor) - flare - improper, pilot in command(cfi) (cause) ## Analysis The pilot-in-command (CFI) instructed the dual student to demonstrate a straight in autorotation. The dual student initiated a flare/deceleration early. The CFI took possession of the flight controls and did not instruct the dual student to relinquish the flight controls. The CFI flared too high, the dual student froze on the flight controls and the helicopter collided with the ground hard. ## Factual narrative On November 9, 2001, at about 1255 eastern standard time, a Robinson R-22, N4009W, registered to Newgard LLC, operated by Wing and Rotor International as a 14 CFR Part 91 instructional flight, experienced a hard landing during a straight in autorotation at Flagler County Airport (X47), Bunnell, Florida. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed. The helicopter sustained substantial damage. The commercial pilot certified flight instructor (CFI) and private pilot receiving instruction reported no injuries. The flight originated from X47 in Bunnell, Florida, about 1 hour before the accident. The CFI stated he informed the rated student pilot to perform a straight in autorotation. The rated student pilot entered the maneuver at 600 feet MSL at 80 knots. At 250 feet MSL, the rated student pilot began a deceleration early. He immediately got on the flight controls with the rated student pilot and pushed the cyclic forward. He did not tell the rated student pilot that he had the flight controls. As they were approaching 100 feet MSL they began a deceleration and he observed that the rotor rpm was increasing. He increased collective pitch at about 75 feet MSL. The rated student pilot froze on the flight controls and the helicopter collided with the ground hard. The main rotor blade flexed down and collided with the tail boom separating it from the airframe. Review of the Robinson Model R22 Section 3 Emergency Procedures states, "Power Failure Above 500 Feet AGL" 1. Lower the collective immediately to maintain RPM and enter normal autorotation. 2. Establish a steady glide at approximately 65 KIAS. (See "Maximum Glide Distance Configuration", page 3-3.) 3. Adjust collective to keep rotor RPM in green arc, or, full down if lightweight prevents attaining 97%. 4. Select landing spot and if altitude permits, maneuver so landing will be into wind. 5. A restart may be attempted at pilot's discretion if sufficient time is available. (See "Air Restart Procedure", page 3-3.) 6. If unable to restart, turn off unnecessary switches and shut off fuel. 7. At about 40 feet AGL, begin cyclic flare to reduce forward speed. 8. At about 8 feet AGL, apply forward cyclic to level ship and increase collective to stop descent. Touch down in level attitude with nose straight ahead. A Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report was faxed to Wing and Rotor International on November 9, 2001. The operator did not not respond to repeated request by telephone from the NTSB investigator-in-charge to complete the report as required by 14 CFR Part 830. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N4009W](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N4009W-2013-09-24), registration cancelled 2013-09-24, S/N 1381, built 1960 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Robinson R-22 - Registry model: [Robinson Helicopter R22 BETA](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r22-beta) (registry code 7640110) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Helicopter - Serial number: 1381 - Airframe hours: 2223 - Engines: Lycoming O-320-B2C 160 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Registered owner: Wing and Rotor International - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, July 8, 2001, 1 hours before - Departed: X47, Bunnell, FL - Airport: X47, Flagler County Airport, runway 06, 5,020 × 110 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 44; injuries: none; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; last flight review June 27, 2001; seat: right; flight hours: 2,580 total, 150 in this make and model, 108 in the last 90 days, 36 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours - Student pilot; age 22; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC) - Wind: 10° at 4 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 77 °F, dew point 54 °F - Altimeter: 30.23 inHg - Observed at: DAB, 25 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20011109034509A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20011109034509A), Nov 9, 2001: Robsin R22, Bunnell, FL, Substantial damage. (-23) During autorotation the instructor noticed airspeed was declining and student froze on controls. Attempt by instructor to recover was unsuccessful,… ## Other investigations on N4009W (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB FTW01LA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW01LA076), Mar 10, 2001: Robinson R22 (N4009W), Alvarado, TX, substantial damage. Probable cause: the pilot's failure to maintain clearance with a marked static wire. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.