# NTSB ATL02LA166: Cessna 172S, N827SP, Immokalee, FL, September 6, 2002 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: September 6, 2002, 13:45 local (17:45 UTC) - Place: Immokalee, FL - Coordinates: 26.419445, -81.401664 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=26.4194&lon=-81.4017&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 25, 2003 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Cessna, Lycoming, FAA Miami FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 55678 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ATL02LA166 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/55678/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=55678 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL02LA166 ## Probable cause The student pilot's improper flare at touchdown resulted in a hard landing while performing an off-airport precautionary landing after the inadvertent activation of the autopilot. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Hard landing, landing - flare/touchdown - autopilot - inadvertent activation, pilot in command - precautionary landing - performed, pilot in command - flare - improper, pilot in command (cause) ## Analysis According to the student pilot, she departed from runway 09, and at 300 feet above ground level she began "fighting with the yoke" of the airplane. The student pilot stated that she adjusted the trim, but the "nose was up and the airplane was coming down". She squawked 7700 on the transponder, and prepared for a precautionary landing by closing the throttle. The student pilot selected a field in front of her, approximately two miles northeast of the departure end of runway 09. The airplane landed hard, with the nose wheel impacting the ground first, and slid across a wet pasture coming to rest in a pond. The pilot stated that the autopilot circuit breaker had been pulled prior to flight and that she had observed the autopilot run through the preflight checks when electrical power was applied to the aircraft prior to departure. According to the student pilot, she had been instructed during her flight training to pull the circuit breaker prior to each solo flight and not to operate the autopilot at this stage of her training. Examination of the airplane revealed all of the circuit breakers were in the "IN" position. The nose landing gear collapsed aft and to the left, and the engine firewall was damage. The elevator trim was found in a nose up position. A series of tests were conducted to verify operation of the autopilot computer, autopilot circuit breaker, autopilot disconnect switch on the yoke, and the trim switch. The autopilot and its components operated normally during these tests. ## Factual narrative On September 6, 2002, at 1345 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 172S, N827SP, registered to Skystead, Inc., and operated by a student pilot, collided with the ground shortly after takeoff from the Immokalee Airport in Immokalee, Florida The instructional flight was operated under the provisions of Title 14 CFR Part 91, and visual flight rules. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed for the local training flight. The student pilot was not injured, and the airplane was substantially damaged. The training flight originated from Naples Municipal Airport in Naples, Florida, at 1200. According to the student pilot, she departed from runway 09, and at 300 feet above ground level she began "fighting with the yoke" of the airplane. The pilot stated that she adjusted the trim, but the "nose was up and the airplane was coming down". The engine was running and the airspeed was at 65 knots. The pilot decided to "quit fighting" because she knew the airplane was "going down". She squawked 7700 on the transponder, and prepared for a precautionary landing by closing the throttle. The student pilot selected a field in front of her, approximately two miles northeast of the departure end of runway 09. The airplane landed hard, with the nose wheel impacting the ground first, and slid across a wet pasture coming to rest in a pond. The pilot stated that the autopilot circuit breaker had been pulled prior to flight and the autopilot was disengaged. She also stated that she had observed the autopilot run through the preflight checks when electrical power was applied to the aircraft prior to departure. According to the student pilot, she had been instructed during her flight training to pull the circuit breaker prior to each solo flight and not to operate the autopilot at this stage of her training. The autopilot circuit breaker is located on the left side of the instrument panel, to the left of the control yoke and several inches above the landing light ON/OFF switch. Examination of the airplane revealed all of the circuit breakers were in the "IN" position. The nose landing gear collapsed aft and to the left, and the engine firewall was damage. The upper and left engine cowling were pulled away from the fuselage, and the left engine cowling was damaged. The elevator trim was found in a nose up position instead of the checklist specified takeoff position which is clearly marked on the elevator trim wheel. The propeller blades were bent moderately aft and the blade tips were slightly discolored. Although the engine was exposed to water, it was successfully started and idle was smooth at 650 rpm. The engine was successfully run up to approximately 2125 rpm. The autopilot computer installed on the airplane was a Bendix/King KC 140 Flight Control Computer, P/N 065-00176-7702. A series of tests were conducted to verify operation of the autopilot computer, autopilot circuit breaker, autopilot disconnect switch on the yoke, and the trim switch. The autopilot and its components operated normally during these tests. In a separate written statement, the student pilot stated that she "should have realized that it wasn't possible for the autopilot to be disengaged and still work". The operator has revised training to include more instruction on the use of the autopilot and procedures to handle inadvertent autopilot engagement. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N827SP](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N827SP-2005-03-09), registration cancelled 2005-03-09, S/N 172S8740, built 2001 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 172S - Registry model: [Cessna 172S](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172s) (registry code 2072439) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming I0360 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-i0360-series) (registry code 41515, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17258740 - Airframe hours: 1181 - Engines: Lycoming IO 360 L2A 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Registered owner: Skystead Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal; Standard, Utility - Last inspection: 100 hour, September 4, 2002, 7.7 hours before - Departed: APF, Naples, FL - Destination: IMM, Immokalee, FL - Airport: IMM, Immokalee, runway 090, 5,000 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Student pilot; age 38; injuries: none; student; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 94 total, 93 in this make and model, 5 as pilot in command, 9 in the last 90 days, 7 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 130° at 10 knots, gusting 17 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 84 °F, dew point 75 °F - Altimeter: 29.94 inHg - Observed at: RSW, 20 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20020906023989A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20020906023989A), Sep 6, 2002: Cessna 172S, Immokalee, FL, Substantial damage. .19) On September 6, 2002, at 1345 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 172S, n 827SP, registered to skystead, inc., and operated by the student pilot collide with… ## Docket (6 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on October 9, 2003, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=55678. 1.5 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 - Owner (item 1, .PDF, 371 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40403964&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1%20-%20Owner-Redacted.PDF - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 - Student Pilot (item 2, .PDF, 465 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40403965&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1%20-%20Student%20Pilot-Redacted.PDF - Sheriff's Report (item 3, .PDF, 241 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40403966&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Sheriff%27s%20Report-Redacted.PDF - Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation (item 4, .PDF, 61 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40403967&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Redacted.PDF - Insurance Report (item 5, .PDF, 72 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40403968&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Insurance%20Report-Redacted.PDF - FAA Form 8023 (item 6, .PDF, 326 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40403969&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FAA%20Form%208023-Redacted.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.