# NTSB ATL03FA147: Grumman HU-16C, N70258, Fort Pierce, FL, September 25, 2003 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: September 25, 2003, 11:26 local (15:26 UTC) - Place: Fort Pierce, FL - Coordinates: 27.495, -80.368057 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=27.4950&lon=-80.3681&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 2 fatal, 1 minor - Status: Completed, report April 28, 2005 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Orlando FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 58016 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ATL03FA147 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/58016/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=58016 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL03FA147 ## Probable cause A loss of engine power due to the pilot placing the fuel selector in the off position which resulted in fuel starvation to the left engine, after the pilot intentionally shut down the right engine. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power, climb - all engines - engine shutdown - intentional, pilot in command - in-flight planning/decision, pilot in command (cause) - fuel tank selector position - improper use of, pilot in command (cause) - fuel system - starvation - Forced landing, descent - emergency - In flight collision with object, descent - emergency - object - tree(s) (contributing factor) ## Analysis According to the pilot, during climb-out from runway 09 at an altitude of approximately 500 feet the right engine warning red magnetic chip detector light illuminated. The pilot decided to shut down the right engine and return to the airport. Shortly after making that decision the left engine began to lose power. The airplane was unable to maintain altitude, and the pilot prepared to make an off-airport emergency landing in a field. The airplane collided with the trees as the pilot maneuvered for the emergency landing. Examination of the airframe, and flight controls revealed no anomalies. Examination of the left and right engine revealed no mechanical anomalies. Examination of cockpit fuel selector controls revealed that the left engine fuel selector handle was in the off position and the right engine fuel selector handle was set in the left tank position. During the in-flight engine secure procedures the pilot is required to place the inoperative engine fuel selector in the off position ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On September 25, 2003, at 1126 eastern standard time, a Grumman HU-16C, N70258, registered to Corsair Aviation Holdings Inc. and operated by an airline transport pilot, collided with a stand of trees during an emergency landing in the vicinity of the St. Lucie International Airport, Ft. Pierce, Florida. The personal flight was operated under the provisions of Title 14 Part 91 with no flight plan filed. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident and the airplane sustained substantial damage. The airline transport pilot received minor injuries. The airline transport rated passenger and passenger were fatally injured. The flight departed the St. Lucie International Airport, on September 25, 2003, at 1120. According to the pilot, during climb-out from runway 09, all engine indications were normal. At an altitude of approximately 500 feet the right engine warning red magnetic chip detector light illuminated. The pilot performed the engine out procedure, informed the pilot-rated passenger that they would be returning to the departure airport, instructed the pilot-rated passenger to assist in the turn, delay the feathering procedure and continue to use the right engine at 2000 rpm. During the turn the pilot made a "PAN" call to Air Traffic Control (ATC) to report the urgency of the situation. After turning downwind the pilot instructed the pilot-rated passenger to feather the engine, which he completed after both pilots confirmed the correct engine would be feathered. Shortly after making that decision the left engine began to lose power. The pilot informed the control tower that he would make an attempt to land on runway 14, but could not make a left turn to intercept the runway and would attempt to land on runway 09. The pilot instructed the pilot-rated passenger to re-start the right engine, but the airplane was down to 300 feet and at the minimum control speed of 85 knots. The pilot prepared to make an off-airport emergency landing in a field. The airplane collided with the trees as the pilot maneuvered for the emergency landing. PERSONNEL INFORMATION Review of the pilot's records revealed the pilot held an airline transport certificate issued on February 09, 1999, with ratings for multiengine land, multiengine sea, and single engine sea. The pilot held a second-class medical issued on September 18, 2003, with the restriction "valid when wearing corrective lenses". The pilot accumulated a total 450 in the HU-16C, and completed his biennial flight review on March 30, 2003. Review of the pilot-rated passenger records revealed the he held an airline transport certificate issued on April 22, 2002, with ratings for single-engine land, multiengine land, Single-engine Sea, multiengine sea, and rotorcraft-helicopter. The pilot-rated passenger held a first class medical certificate issued August 21, 2003, with the restriction "valid when wearing corrective lenses". AIRCRAFT INFORMATION Review of the records for the Grumman HU-16 revealed that the last service inspection "A" was performed on September 25, 2003. The transponder, altitude, and static pressure system tests and inspections were performed on May 27, 2003. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION Examination of the wreckage revealed the airplane came to rest on a 270-degree heading 3 miles northwest of the St. Lucie International Airport, Ft. Pierce, Florida. Approximately 10 feet of the outboard left wing was sheared off. The right fuel pod was located forward of the fuselage in a run-off stream. The fuselage was broken off aft of the landing gear, and came to rest on top of the right wing with horizontal and vertical stabilizer still attached. The right wing was attached to the fuselage and had leading edge crush damage. The right engine was attached to the wing, and the right engine propeller was located 20 feet forward of the fuselage. The cockpit and cabin section of the fuselage displayed heavy crush damage. The left engine was attached to the left wing with the propeller still attached to the engine. Examination of cockpit fuel selector controls revealed that the left engine fuel selector handle was in the off position and the right engine fuel selector handle was set in the left tank position. Further examination of the fuel selector handles revealed the fixed stop detents were operational. Examination of the left wing exhibited, leading edge crush damage throughout the span of the wing. The outboard left wing section was separated outboard of the left engine. The fuel tanks on the left side were ruptured. Flight control cables were connected to the left aileron quadrant and frayed at the ends of separation. Cables located at the left wing separation were traced to the center section quadrant and forward to the control yokes. Left engine control cables were traced from the connections on the engine to the cockpit control handle connections in the overhead console. The left engine was removed for further examination. Rudder and elevator cables were traced from the control yokes to the cabin section separation. The cables were broken at the separations in the cabin. The remainder of the elevator and rudder cables was located in the aft section of the fuselage. The cables were also frayed at the separation point. Examination of the right wing revealed, approximately 221 gallons of fuel was drained from the main fuel tanks. The right wing was attached to the fuselage with aileron and flaps attached to the wing. The right flap exhibited crush damage and was stowed in the up position. The right wing flight control cables were traced from the right aileron quadrant to the center section quadrant and forward to the control yokes. Right engine control cables were traced to the cockpit control handles in the overhead console. The right engine was removed for further examination. The right wing fuel pod was still attached to the wing. Examination of the left engine revealed, the main oil screens, and magnetic chip detector was free of ferrous material. Numbers 3, 4 and 5 front and rear spark plugs were oil fouled, when cleaned and tested they exhibited spark. All other spark plugs exhibited spark when tested. The left engine cylinder compression was checked. The left engine fuel pump was flow tested and produced flow capacity and pressure, and no anomalies were noted. The left engine carburetor was tested and no anomalies were noted. Both magnetos were removed for examination; the right magneto was run at 2000 rpm and produced 2.5 amps. The left magneto was run at 2000 rpm and produced 2.5 amps. The right magneto was timed at 20-degrees and the left magneto was timed at 23-degrees. Examination of the left three bladed propeller assembly exhibited all three blades were bent aft. Examination of the right engine revealed that the nose case was broken off. The forward spline of the crankshaft was broken off. Metal filings were found in the main engine oil screen and throughout the lubricating system. The magnetic chip detector exhibited metal filings on the pick-up. The master rod bearing showed signs of scoring. The right engine propeller was broken off at the nose case, and the propeller was in the feathered positioned. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Review of the NAVAIR 01-85AC-1, Section I, Part 2: Fuel Tank Selectors revealed. Two spring-loaded stops and a fixed stop are installed on the face of each fuel tank selector dial. The spring-loaded stops must be depressed with a finger in order to turn handle. One spring stop prevents the handle from being moved inadvertently into the OFF position from the MAIN TANK (Right or LEFT) position, thereby cutting off fuel to the engines, and also prevents it from being moved out of the OFF position to the MAIN TANK position. The other spring loaded stop prevents the handle from being moved into the AUX TANK position from the MAIN TANK position. The fixed stop prevents th ## Aircraft - Registration: [N70258](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N70258-2004-04-23), registration cancelled 2004-04-23, S/N 141271, built 1955 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Grumman HU-16C - Registry model: [Grumman HU-16](https://openairdocs.org/model/grumman-hu-16) (registry code 3950405) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Wright R-1820 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/wright-r-1820-series) (registry code 67020, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 141271 - Airframe hours: 4276 - Engines: Wright 43D50 1425 horsepower reciprocating; Wright reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Corsair Aviation Holdings Inc - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Restricted (Special) - Last inspection: Continuous airworthiness, September 22, 2003, 4,276 hours before - Departed: FPR, FORT PIERCE, FL - Airport: FPR, St Lucie County Intl, runway 09, 6,492 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 53; injuries: minor; airline transport, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land, single-engine sea, multi-engine sea; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; last flight review March 30, 2003; seat: left; flight hours: 13,000 total, 450 in this make and model, 600 as pilot in command, 60 in the last 90 days, 15 in the last 30 days - Co-pilot; age 56; injuries: fatal; airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine sea, single-engine sea, single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: right; toxicology performed; flight hours: 12,800 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 120° at 8 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 15,000 ft broken - Temperature: 81 °F, dew point 73 °F - Altimeter: 29.97 inHg - Observed at: FPR, 3 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20030925031249A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20030925031249A), Sep 25, 2003: Gruman HU16, Fort Pierce, FL, Destroyed, 2 fatal. (-23) The aircraft departed runway 09 at fpr to practice water work at lake okeechobee. At approximately 500 feet on departure the right engine chip detector… ## Docket (20 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on February 24, 2005, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=58016. 13.7 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 364 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40405074&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Aircraft Log (item 2, .PDF, 634 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40405075&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Aircraft%20Log-Redacted.PDF - Approved Inspection Program (item 3, .PDF, 176 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40405076&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Approved%20Inspection%20Program-Redacted.PDF - Carburetor Test (item 4, .PDF, 55 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40217746&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Carburetor%20Test-Master.PDF - Engine #1 Logbook (item 5, .PDF, 94 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40405077&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Engine%20%231%20Logbook-Redacted.PDF - Engine #2 Logbook (item 6, .PDF, 148 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40405078&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Engine%20%232%20Logbook-Redacted.PDF - Fuel Pump Test (item 7, .PDF, 69 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40405079&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Fuel%20Pump%20Test-Redacted.PDF - Oil Analysis (item 8, .PDF, 46 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40405080&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Oil%20Analysis-Redacted.PDF - Pilot Operating Handbook pages (item 9, .PDF, 147 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40217752&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20Operating%20Handbook%20pages-Master.PDF - Propeller Logbook (item 10, .PDF, 867 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40405081&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Propeller%20Logbook-Redacted.PDF - Toxicological Report (item 11, .PDF, 50 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40405082&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Toxicological%20Report-Redacted.PDF - Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 12, .PDF, 82 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40405083&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Redacted.PDF - Engine Out Emergency Procedures (item 13, .PDF, 242 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40226476&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Engine%20Out%20Emergency%20Procedures-Master.PDF - Photo 1 Cockpit view (item 14, .PDF, 1.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40226477&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201%20Cockpit%20view-Master.PDF - Photo 2 Fuel control panel (item 15, .PDF, 1.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40226478&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202%20Fuel%20control%20panel-Master.PDF - Photo 3 Fuel control panel (2) (item 16, .PDF, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40226479&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%203%20Fuel%20control%20panel%20(2)-Master.PDF - Photo 4 Fuselage left side (item 17, .PDF, 1.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40226480&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%204%20Fuselage%20left%20side-Master.PDF - Photo 5 Fuselage right side (item 18, .PDF, 1.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40226481&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%205%20Fuselage%20right%20side-Master.PDF - Photo 6 Fuselage rear view (item 19, .PDF, 1.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40226482&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%206%20Fuselage%20rear%20view-Master.PDF - Photo 7 Main Wreckage Site (item 20, .PDF, 2.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40226486&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%207%20Main%20Wreckage%20Site-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.