# NTSB ATL04FA061: Mooney 20F, N2996L, Campobello, SC, December 28, 2003 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: December 28, 2003, 13:10 local (18:10 UTC) - Place: Campobello, SC - Coordinates: 35.180557, -82.063888 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.1806&lon=-82.0639&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed, report December 28, 2004 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Columbia FSDO-13, Textron Lycoming - NTSB case key (mKey): 58548 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ATL04FA061 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/58548/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL04FA061 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed while maneuvering for an emergency landing resulting in an inadvertent stall and a collision with trees and the ground during an uncontrolled descent. A factor in the accident was the pilot's inadequate preflight resulting in a loss of engine power due to fuel starvation. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power, cruise - normal - aircraft preflight - inadequate, pilot in command (contributing factor) - fuel system,cap - not secured (contributing factor) - fluid,fuel - starvation (contributing factor) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - Loss of control - in flight, descent - emergency - airspeed(vs) - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - stall - inadvertent, pilot in command (cause) - In flight collision with object, descent - uncontrolled - object - tree(s) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled - terrain condition - ground ## Analysis The pilot obtained fuel before departing on the cross country flight. Two witnesses on the ground heard and observed the airplane approaching their location. The airplane was about 100 to 200 feet above the trees. One witnesses stated the airplanes engine was heard to increase in power, decrease in power, and increase in power again. The other witnesses stated the engine was making a popping sound, while the engine was cutting in and out. The airplane was observed to make a steep right turn and the right wing was perpendicular to the ground. The nose of the airplane pitched down and the airplane disappeared from view. The Flight Manual states the airplane will stall at 98 MPH without extended flaps at a 60-degree bank angle. Examination of the crash site revealed the right main fuel cap tab was secured. The left main fuel cap tab was in the open position. Examination of the airframe and engine assembly revealed no anomalies. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On December 28, 2003, at 1310 Eastern Standard Time, a Mooney 20F, N2996L, registered to a private owner, operating as a 14 CFR Part 91 personal flight, collided with trees and the ground while maneuvering in the vicinity of Campobello, South Carolina. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed. The airplane was destroyed. The commercial pilot was fatally injured. The flight originated from Petersburg, Ohio, on December 28, 2003, at 1015. Witnesses stated they heard an airplane approaching their location. They looked up and observed an airplane flying to the north between 100 to 200 feet above the trees. The engine revved up in power, decreased in power, and revved up again. Another witness stated, "the engine was making a popping sound, and cutting in and out." The airplane was observed to make a steep right turn, and the right wing was perpendicular to the ground. The nose of the airplane went down and the airplane disappeared from view. A few seconds later both witnesses heard an impact sound as the airplane collided with the ground. They went inside and called the 911 telephone operator. PERSONNEL INFORMATION Review of information on file with the FAA Airman's Certification Division, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, revealed the commercial pilot was issued a commercial pilot certificate on April 11, 1999, with ratings for airplane single engine land, and airplane multiengine land. In addition the pilot held a mechanic certificate issued on June 30, 1993, with ratings for airframe mechanic and power plant mechanic. The pilot held a second-class medical certificate issued on June 18, 2003, with the restriction must have available glasses for near vision. The pilot's logbook was not located; and the biennial flight review could not be determined. Review of information on file with the FAA Aero Medical Records Division revealed the pilot had 3,770 flight hours. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION The husband of the registered owner stated the airplane was not insured and the pilot-in-command had a key and performed the maintenance on the airplane. The husband stated he called the deceased pilot about two weeks before the accident and asked him to do the annual inspection, which was overdue. He further stated that he did not know the deceased pilot was going to be taking the airplane out of the state. Review of the logbooks revealed the original logbooks were lost. The current logbooks were created from the previous owner's records and repair station information on December 5, 1988. The total tachometer time was 3170 hours. The airplane had a Lycoming remanufactured "o" time engine installed at tachometer time 2781 on June 30, 1977. The last recorded annual and 100-hour inspection was conducted on July 13, 2002, at tachometer time 3737.42 hours. The emergency locater transmitter battery (ELT) was replaced on June 13, 1992. The tachometer was damage and the time tachometer time could not be determined. The ELT battery expiration date was May 31, 2001. The son of the pilot-in-command pilot stated the airplane was topped off with between 45 to 47 gallons of 100 low lead fuel at Petersburg, Ohio, on December 22, 2003. The airplane was taxied to a tie down point and remained parked over the Christmas holiday. The airplane was taxied over to the refuel point on December 28, 2003, and topped off with 1.9 gallons of 100 low lead fuel. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION The Greeneville-Spartanburg International Airport 1253 surface weather observation was wind was 210-degrees at 6 knots, visibility 10 miles, clear, temperature 59-degrees Fahrenheit, dew point temperature 41-degrees Fahrenheit, and altimeter 30.30. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION The main wreckage of the airplane was located in a wooded area on a hilltop adjacent to 915 Old Melvin Hill, Campobello, South Carolina. Examination of the crash site revealed the right wing of the airplane collided with a tree. The outboard section of the right wing and rib were separated. Tree branches along the crash debris line exhibited 45-degree "V" cuts. The wreckage debris line continued forward 46-feet where the engine assembly was separated from the firewall. The engine assembly was buried beneath the ground 32-inches. The cabin area and empennage with the tail section was located 136 feet down the crash debris line. The nose section of the airplane separated at the firewall. The engine assembly and engine mounts separated from the firewall. The propeller assembly separated from the propeller flange and was buried beneath the surface of the ground. The propeller spinner was destroyed. One propeller blade remained in the propeller hub. The propeller blade exhibited "s" bending and chord-wise scarring. The propeller was bent forward at mid span, and the leading edge of the propeller blade received nicks about two-inch inboard from the propeller tip. The separated propeller blade exhibited "s" bending and chord-wise scarring. The propeller blade was bent forward at mid span. The nose gear separated and was in the retracted position. The cabin area separated from the fuselage at the windshield extending aft to the leading edge of the left and right horizontal stabilizers with accordion crushing. The instrument panel and lower cabin floor was destroyed. The fuel selector valve was not located. The flight control system from the control tube at the control column aft to the push pull tubes and rod end bearings in the center fuselage were destroyed. The control tubes and rod end bearings extending outboard to the left and right wings, ailerons, and bell cranks were destroyed. The control tubes and rod end bearings extending aft to the rudder and left and right elevators were destroyed. The right wing received accordion crushing along the leading edge and was fragmented from the wingtips inboard to the wing root. The upper and lower wing skin surfaces were fragmented and located down and on the debris line. The right wing main fuel cap was closed and located to the right of the engine crater. The right main fuel tank was ruptured and the filler neck had separated from the wing. No fuel, odor of fuel, or browning of vegetation was present at the crash site. The right aileron and flap separated at the attachment fittings. The right main landing gear was in the retracted position. The aft fuselage received accordion crushing extending aft to the leading edge of the left and right horizontal stabilizers. The vertical stabilizer leading edge was damaged and the vertical stabilizer was bent to the right. The rudder assembly remained attached by the lower two hinge points. The right horizontal stabilizer was bent upward and aft. The right elevator separated at the hinge points and was located underneath the horizontal stabilizer. The left horizontal stabilizer was crushed upward and the left elevator was separated at the hinge points. The left elevator was located under the left horizontal stabilizer. The left wing separated at the wing root. The wingtip was bent up and aft. The upper and lower wing skin separated 64-inches outboard of the wing root. The left aileron and flaps separated at their hinge points. The left main fuel tank was ruptured. The left main fuel cap was located adjacent to the left wing. The fuel cap lock was in the open position. Rust was present on the filler port neck and on the bottom of the fuel cap. The left main landing gear was retracted. Examination of the engine assembly revealed the engine was damaged on all sides. The crankshaft would not rotate by hand. All engine accessories except for the flow divider separated from the engine. The alternator, starter, fuel injector servo, top portion of the vacuum pump including the internal rotor and vanes, turbocharger housing, including the turbine hot section separated and were not located. The turbocharger compressor impeller section was damaged. The fuel nozzles wer ## Aircraft - Registration: [N2996L](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N2996L-2014-09-29), registration cancelled 2014-09-29, S/N 670355, built 1967 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Mooney 20F - Registry model: [Mooney M20F](https://openairdocs.org/model/mooney-m20f) (registry code 5870214) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming I0360 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-i0360-series) (registry code 41515, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 670355 - Engines: Lycoming IO-360-A1A 200 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Floyd C. Redmond - Registered owner: Josephine Melia - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, July 13, 2002 - Departed: OH29, Petersburg, OH - Destination: 24J, Live Oak, FL ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 49; injuries: fatal; commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 3,770 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 210° at 6 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 59 °F, dew point 41 °F - Altimeter: 30.29 inHg - Observed at: GSP, 23 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20031228033009A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20031228033009A), Dec 28, 2003: Mooney M20F, Campobello, SC, Destroyed, 1 fatal. (-23) On December 28, 2003 at 1310 eastern standard time a Mooney-20-F, N2996L, registered to a private owner, operated by a friend, as a CFR part 91 personal… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.