# NTSB ATL05CA019: Cessna 172N, N4874G, Columbia, SC, November 3, 2004 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: November 2, 2004, 19:41 local (Nov 3, 2004, 00:41 UTC) - Place: Columbia, SC - Coordinates: 33.942501, -81.121391 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=33.9425&lon=-81.1214&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious - Status: Completed, report June 28, 2006 - Report: Approved by Office Director - Parties: Columbia FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 60492 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ATL05CA019 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/60492/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL05CA019 ## Probable cause The pilot's inadequate preflight planning of fuel required for the flight, which resulted in fuel exhaustion and subsequent loss of engine power. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, approach - fluid,fuel - exhaustion (cause) - preflight planning/preparation - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - In flight collision with object, emergency descent/landing - object - wire,static - terrain condition - ground ## Analysis The pilot declared a "mayday" 17 miles northeast of Columbia Metropolitan Airport, at 4,500 feet and stated that his engine had lost power and that he was going to land in a parking lot. The airplane collided with power lines and the ground. The post-accident examination of the fuel system revealed no fuel in either wing fuel tank, trace amounts of fuel in the fuel strainer, and trace amounts of fuel in the fuel line from the fuel strainer to the carburetor. A functional check of the engine was accomplished and it produced power at idle and 1000 RPM. The airplane was last topped off with fuel on October 31, 2004, and had flown 4.1 hours since that refueling. On the same day of the accident the pilot also completed a total of three takeoffs on the same fuel load. At 75 % engine power, the airplane has an endurance of 3.9 hours. ## Factual narrative On November 2, 2004, at 1941 eastern standard time, N4874G, a Cessna 172N, registered to and operated by Pegasus Air LLC, collided with power lines and the ground following a loss of engine power in Columbia, South Carolina. The personal flight was being operated under the provisions of Title 14 CFR Part 91, and visual flight rules. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident and no flight plan was filed. The commercial pilot received serious injuries and the airplane sustained substantial damage. The flight originated from Chapel Hill, North Carolina, on November 2, 2004, at 1810. According to a passenger on a previous flight in the airplane on the same day, the pilot rented the airplane from the operator in Statesboro, Georgia to fly the passenger and his wife from Barnwell, South Carolina to Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The passenger stated that the airplane arrived at Barnwell on the afternoon of November 2, 2004, they departed at 1610, and the flight was unremarkable. He stated that upon arriving in Chapel Hill, North Carolina at 1800, the local FBO was closed, and the pilot stated that he would stop to get fuel in Columbia, South Carolina, on the return flight. According to the Columbia Air Traffic Controller, the pilot declared a "mayday" at 4,500 feet, 17 miles northeast of Columbia Metropolitan Airport. He stated that he acknowledged, and the pilot stated that his engine quit and he was going to land in a parking lot. The airplane collided with power lines and the ground 16 miles north of Columbia Metropolitan Airport. A review of records on file with Pegasus Air, LLC revealed the airplane was refueled on October 31, 2004, topped off with 17.8 gallons of 100 low lead aviation fuel. The airplane was not flown again until November 2, 2004, by the accident pilot. The examination of the airplane at the accident site revealed the firewall and the fuselage were buckled, the nose landing gear was displaced aft into the engine compartment, and the leading edges of both wings were buckled. The post-accident examination of the fuel system revealed no fuel in either wing fuel tank, trace amounts of fuel in the fuel strainer, and trace amounts of fuel in the fuel line from the fuel strainer to the carburetor. A functional check of the engine was accomplished and it started and produced power at idle and 1000 RPM for several minutes. No mechanical anomalies were observed. According to the C-172N Pilot 's Operating Handbook, the standard wing fuel tanks have a capacity of 43 gallons, of which 40 gallons is usable fuel. It states the cruise fuel consumption at maximum gross weight, in standard conditions, with recommended lean mixture at 4,500 feet ranges from 7 to 8.5 gallons per hour. On the same day of the accident the pilot also completed a total of three takeoffs on the same fuel load. At 75 % engine power, the airplane has a fuel endurance of 3.9 hours. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N4874G](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N4874G-2018-01-24), registration cancelled 2018-01-24, S/N 17273421, built 1979 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 172N - Registry model: [Cessna 172N](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172n) (registry code 2072434) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17273421 - Airframe hours: 5083.4 - Engines: Lycoming O-320 160 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Pegasus Air, LLC - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, March 27, 2004 - Departed: IGX, Chapel Hill, NC - Destination: CAE, Columbia, SC - Airport: KCAE, Columbia Metropolitan Airport ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 50; injuries: serious; commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 2,700 total, 4 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night - Wind: 200° at 5 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 72 °F, dew point 66 °F - Altimeter: 30.06 inHg - Observed at: CAE, 16 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20041102027259A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20041102027259A), Nov 2, 2004: Cessna 172N, Columbia, SC, Substantial damage. (-23) Pilot declared mayday at approx. 00:41Z, and landed in parking. Aircraft struck power lines. Nose & main gear collapsed on landing. Major damage to… ## Other investigations on N4874G (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB ATL04CA089](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL04CA089), Apr 3, 2004: Cessna 172N (N4874G), Statesboro, GA, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's failure to establish a positive climb and his failure to maintain clearance during a go-around, which resulted in an in-flight collision with trees. A factor was the gusting winds. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.