# NTSB ATL84FA185: Cessna 402C, N3132M, Hickory, NC, May 27, 1984

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report
- Date: May 27, 1984, 19:48 local (23:48 UTC)
- Place: Hickory, NC
- Location: 35.7411° N, 81.3896° W: Placed by OpenAirDocs at HICKORY RGNL (HKY), within about a mile (OpenAirDocs)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.7411&lon=-81.3896&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Highest injury: Serious injuries
- Injuries: 4 serious, 2 minor
- Status: Completed
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- NTSB case key (mKey): 6282
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ATL84FA185
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/6282/pdf
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL84FA185

## Sequence of events

In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf).

- Overrun, landing - roll
  - weather condition - low ceiling (contributing factor)
  - weather condition - rain (contributing factor)
  - weather condition - tailwind (contributing factor)
  - airspeed - misjudged, pilot in command (cause)
  - proper touchdown point - exceeded, pilot in command (cause)
  - aborted landing - not performed, pilot in command (cause)
  - airport facilities,runway/landing area condition - downhill (contributing factor)
  - airport facilities,runway/landing area condition - wet (contributing factor)
  - aircraft performance,hydroplaning condition - water (contributing factor)
- On ground/water encounter with terrain/water, landing
  - terrain condition - water (contributing factor)

## Analysis

DURING THE ILS APCH TO RWY 24 (6400 FT LONG), VISUAL CONTACT WITH THE RWY WAS ESTABLISHED AT APRX 500 FT AGL AND THE ACFT WAS INDICATING 'ONE DOT' HIGH ON THE GLIDE SLOPE. WITNESSES STATED THE ACFT TOUCHED DOWN PAST THE HALFWAY POINT ON THE RWY WITH FULL FLAPS IN MODERATE RAIN. A 5 KT TAILWIND WAS PRESENT AT THE TIME AND THE RWY CONTAINED A .8% DOWNSLOPE. UPON APPLICATION OF THE BRAKES, THE PLT FOUND THEM INEFFECTIVE AND CALLED FOR FLAPS UP. BRAKING WAS STILL INEFFECTIVE AND THE PLT ELECTED TO GROUND LOOP THE ACFT TO STOP. LEFT TURNING SKID MARKS WERE FOUND STARTING 300 FEET BEFORE THE END OF THE RWY. THEY CONTINUED 120 FT BEYOND THE RWY UNTIL THE ACFT TRAVELED OFF AN EMBANKMENT. APRX3 INCHES OF WATER WAS PRESENT ON THE RWY WHEN THE ACCIDENT OCCURRED. THE ACFT TRAVELED 120 FT BEYOND THE EMBANKMENT AND COLLIDED WITH UPSLOPING TERRAIN ON THE OTHER SIDE.

## Aircraft

- Registration: N3132M (not matched to a registry record)
- Reported make and model: CESSNA 402C
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 402C0281
- Airframe hours: 3797
- Engines: CONTINENTAL TSIO-520 325 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Part 135
- Operator: Sunbird Airlines,Inc.
- Registered owner: Coastal States Aviation Inc.
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: AAIP, May 11, 1983, 48 hours before
- Departed: CLT, CHARLOTTE, NC
- Destination: HKY
- Flight plan: IFR
- Airport: HKY, Hickory, runway 24, 6,400 × 140 ft, asphalt

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 33; airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine sea, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 4,590 total, 336 in this make and model, 3,461 as pilot in command, 229 in the last 90 days, 2 in the last 24 hours

## Weather

- Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Day
- Wind: 60° at 5 knots
- Visibility: 1 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: 400 ft overcast
- Temperature: 70 °F, dew point 70 °F
- Altimeter: 30.00 inHg
- Observed at: HKY, 1 nm away

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 19840527024089A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19840527024089A), May 27, 1984: Cessna 402C, Hickory, NC, Substantial damage. Landed long and fast on a wet downgrade and tailwind runway. Raised flaps too early. Ran off end into embankment.

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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