# NTSB ATL91FA117: Fuji LM 1, N2109L, Keystone Hghts, FL, June 29, 1991 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: June 29, 1991, 14:25 local (18:25 UTC) - Place: Keystone Hghts, FL - Coordinates: 29.780435, -82.030174 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=29.7804&lon=-82.0302&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 2 fatal - Status: Completed, report December 15, 1992 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 8327 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ATL91FA117 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/8327/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91FA117 ## Probable cause (aircraft 2) FAILURE OF THE NUMBER FOUR PILOT (IN N2100J) TO MAINTAIN ADEQUATE VISUAL LOOKOUT AND/OR CLEARANCE FROM THE NUMBER THREE AIRCRAFT (N2109L). ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Midair collision, maneuvering - formation flying - initiated - visual lookout - not maintained, pilot of other aircraft (cause) - clearance - not maintained, pilot of other aircraft (cause) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled - Midair collision, maneuvering - formation flying - initiated - visual lookout - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - clearance - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) - In flight collision with terrain/water, descent - uncontrolled ## Analysis (aircraft 2) THE 2 AIRCRAFT WERE PARTICIPATING AS #3 AND #4 IN A FLIGHT OF 4 FUJI AIRCRAFT, PERFORMING AERIAL DEMONSTRATIONS AS PART OF AN AIR SHOW. THE ACCIDENT OCCURRED DURING THE FIRST MANEUVER OF THE DEMONSTRATION. THE MANEUVER WAS TO HAVE BEEN TO APPROACH THE CROWD HEAD-ON IN LINE ABREAST FORMATION, FOLLOWED BY A LEFT BREAK TO A TRAIL FORMATION PARALLEL TO THE SHOW LINE. N2109L WAS FLYING IN THE #3 POSITION AND N2100J WAS FLYING IN THE #4 POSITION. THE RIGHT WING TIP OF THE #4 AIRCRAFT CONTACTED THE TOP OF THE LEFT WING OF THE #3 AIRCRAFT AND BOTH AIRCRAFT IMPACTED THE TERRAIN IN AN UNCONTROLLED DESCENT. ## Aircraft 1 - Registration: [N2109L](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N2109L-1993-04-30), registration cancelled 1993-04-30, S/N 21010 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: FUJI LM 1 - Registry model: [Fuji LM I](https://openairdocs.org/model/fuji-lm-i) (registry code 3730110) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 21010 - Airframe hours: 975 - Engines: CONTINENTAL O-480-13A 225 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Part 91 - Operator: Callahan, Dennis H. - Registered owner: Callahan, Dennis H. - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Last inspection: Annual, May 9, 1991, 27 hours before - Airport: 42J, Keystone Airpark, runway 4, 4,400 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Aircraft 2 - Registration: [N2100J](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N2100J-2014-12-02), registration cancelled 2014-12-02, S/N 21053, built 1985 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: FUJI LM 2 - Registry model: [Fuji LM II](https://openairdocs.org/model/fuji-lm-ii) (registry code 3730111) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Amateur-built UNKNOWN ENG](https://openairdocs.org/engine/amateur-built-unknown-eng) (registry code 99999) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 21053 - Engines: LYCOMING TIO-470 340 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Part 91 - Operator: Mcdade, Nolah H. - Registered owner: Mcdade, Nolah H. - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Last inspection: Unknown, January 2, 2000 - Airport: 42J, Keystone Airpark, runway 4, 4,400 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot, aircraft N2109L; age 56; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 5,482 total - Pilot, aircraft N2100J; age 69; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land, multi-engine sea; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 10,000 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 60° at 5 knots - Visibility: 7 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 2,000 ft broken - Temperature: 86 °F, dew point 73 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: GNV, 14 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (2) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19910629024761A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19910629024761A), Jun 29, 1991: Fuji LM1, Keystone Height, FL, Destroyed, 1 fatal. During airshow formation maneuver struck wing of nearby aircraft N2100J. Both crashed out of control. - [Accident 19910629024762A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19910629024762A), Jun 29, 1991: Amtr LM2, Keystone Height, FL, Destroyed, 1 fatal. During air show formation maneuver wing was struck by nearby N2109L. Both aircraft crashed out of control. From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.