# NTSB ATL93LA121: Piper PA-25-235, N8659L, Bainbridge, GA, July 2, 1993 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: July 2, 1993, 07:30 local (11:30 UTC) - Place: Bainbridge, GA - Location: 30.9049° N, 84.5730° W: Placed by OpenAirDocs: center of Bainbridge, GA, within about 6 miles (OpenAirDocs) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=30.9049&lon=-84.5730&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed, report August 18, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 3233 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ATL93LA121 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/3233/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=3233 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA121 ## Probable cause THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO MAINTAIN ADEQUATE CLEARANCE FROM THE GROUND. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - In flight collision with terrain/water, maneuvering - clearance - not maintained, pilot in command (cause) ## Analysis THE PILOT WAS ENGAGED IN A PRACTICE AERIAL APPLICATION FLIGHT, WITH AN INSTRUCTOR OBSERVING FROM THE GROUND. AFTER MAKING AN AERIAL SURVEY AROUND THE PERIMETER OF THE PRACTICE SPRAY FIELD, A LEFT TURN WAS BEGUN. THE INSTRUCTOR OBSERVED THE AIRPLANE ENTER A 45 DEG NOSE-DOWN, LEFT WING-DOWN ATTITUDE. IT MAINTAINED THAT ATTITUDE AS IT DISAPPEARED FROM VIEW BEHIND TREES. EXAMINATION OF THE ACCIDENT SITE AND WRECKAGE REVEALED THAT THE AIRPLANE COLLIDED WITH THE GROUND IN A LEFT WING AND NOSE-LOW ATTITUDE. NO MECHANICAL MALFUNCTIONS WERE FOUND. ACCORDING TO THE INSTRUCTOR, WHILE THE PILOT WAS PREPARING FOR THE FLIGHT, HE STATED THAT HIS DAUGHTER AND HER HUSBAND HAD A FIGHT. THE PILOT HAD NOT HEARD FROM HER IN 3 DAYS. THE INSTRUCTOR STATED THAT THE PILOT SEEMED CONCERNED ABOUT HIS DAUGHTER AND ASKED HIM IF HE WAS FOCUSED ON THE FLIGHT. THE PILOT RESPONDED THAT HE WAS FINE. ## Factual narrative On July 2, 1993, at about 0730 eastern daylight time, a Piper PA- 25-235, N8659L, collided with the ground during maneuvering flight near Bainbridge, Georgia. The airplane was operated by Howell Crop Dusting Service under visual flight rules and 14 CFR Part 91. A flight plan was not filed for the instructional flight. The airline transport pilot was fatally injured, while the airplane was substantially damaged. Origination of the flight was Bainbridge, Georgia, at about 0725 on the same day. A certificated flight instructor was observing the aerial application practice flight from the ground. He reported that the was called into the practice field via radio. After making an aerial survey around the perimeter of the practice spray field, the airplane entered a left turn, then began to descend in a 45 degree nose and left wing down attitude. It disappeared from view behind trees in the same attitude. The wreckage was located a short time later in the field toward which it had descended. The inspector who examined the wreckage stated that all of the major components were accounted for at the accident site. His report (attached) states that a piece of wood and fabric was found in a hole, about eight inches long, located about 60 feet from a crater "...that was apparently created by the engine [ ] upon contact with the ground..." He also reported that "The aircraft was perfectly aligned on a 90 degree angle with the holes created by the engine and the wing tip." The inspector indicated that there was continuity of the flight controls. According to the instructor, while the pilot was preparing for the accident flight, he stated that his daughter and her husband had a fight. The pilot had not heard from his daughter in three days. He appeared to be concerned about her, the instructor stated, and asked if he was focused on the flight. The pilot responded that he was fine. The inspector provided a blank Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTST Form 6120.1/2 to the operator, and requested that he return the completed form to this office. The report was not received. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N8659L](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N8659L-2009-09-08), registration cancelled 2009-09-08, S/N 25-5107, built 1969 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA-25-235 - Registry model: [Piper PA-25-235](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-25-235) (registry code 7102504) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-540-series) (registry code 41532, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 25-5107 - Airframe hours: 5959 - Engines: LYCOMING O-540-B2C5 235 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Howell Crop Dusting, doing business as Howell Crop Dusting Service - Registered owner: Billy Howell D/B/A - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Restricted (Special) - Last inspection: 100 hour, June 1, 1993, 84 hours before ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 47; airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: helicopter, airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: center; toxicology performed; flight hours: 4,856 total, 5 in this make and model, 4,032 as pilot in command, 18 in the last 90 days, 18 in the last 30 days, 3 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 7 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 20,000 ft broken - Temperature: 70 °F, dew point 66 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: ABY, 40 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19930702022249A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19930702022249A), Jul 2, 1993: Piper PA25235, Bainbridge, GA, Substantial damage, 1 fatal. Practice ag ops. CFI on ground saw student fail to recover from nose down procedure turn. Impact indicates stall. ## Docket (5 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on July 12, 1996, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=3233. 395 KB in all. - Witness Statement (item 1, .PDF, 83 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40454788&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statement-Master.PDF - Record of Telephone Conversation (item 2, .PDF, 73 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40454789&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Telephone%20Conversation-Master.PDF - Federal Avaition Administration Inspector's Statement (item 3, .PDF, 48 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40454790&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Federal%20Avaition%20Administration%20Inspector%27s%20Statement-Master.PDF - Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 4, .PDF, 93 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40454791&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Master.PDF - Toxicological Report (item 5, .PDF, 97 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40454792&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Toxicological%20Report-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.