# NTSB ATL94LA155: Cessna 210A, N6601X, Varnville, SC, August 10, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: August 10, 1994, 14:00 local (18:00 UTC) - Place: Varnville, SC - Location: 32.8522° N, 81.0806° W: Placed by OpenAirDocs: center of Varnville, SC, within about 6 miles (OpenAirDocs) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=32.8522&lon=-81.0806&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report January 25, 1995 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 3432 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ATL94LA155 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/3432/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA155 ## Probable cause WATER CONTAMINATION IN THE FUEL THAT RESULTED FROM INADEQUATE MAINTENANCE INSPECTION OF THE AIRPLANE. A FACTOR WAS THE ROUGH TERRAIN AT THE LANDING SITE. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power, takeoff - initial climb - fluid,fuel - contamination (cause) - fluid,fuel - water (cause) - maintenance,inspection - inadequate, other maintenance personnel (cause) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - Nose gear collapsed, landing - roll - terrain condition - rough/uneven - landing gear,nose gear - overload ## Analysis DURING THE INITIAL TAKEOFF FOLLOWING A TOUCH AND GO LANDING, THE ENGINE QUIT. WATER CONTAMINATION WAS FOUND IN THE FUEL SYSTEM, AND THE ENGINE EXHIBITED SIGNS OF WATER INJECTION. BOTH FUEL BLADDERS HAD WRINKLES IN THE BOTTOM, UP TO 1/2' HIGH, WHICH TRAPPED WATER. AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVE (AD) 84-10-01-R1, WHICH DEALS WITH WATER CONTAMINATION OF FUEL SYSTEMS, WAS APPLICABLE TO THE AIRPLANE. THE AIRCRAFT RECORDS HAD SEVERAL ANNUAL INSPECTIONS RECORDED THAT APPROVED THE AIRPLANE FOR RETURN TO SERVICE, FOLLOWING THE INSPECTIONS. THE LATEST INSPECTION WAS DATED 03/10/94. ADDITIONALLY, THERE WERE ENTRIES THAT INDICATED THAT THE AD HAD BEEN COMPLIED WITH BY INSPECTION. FUEL QUICK DRAINS HAD BEEN INSTALLED, AT THE INITIAL COMPLIANCE OF THE AD, IN MAY 1985. ## Factual narrative On August 10, 1994, about 1400 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 210A, N6601X, collided with the ground during a forced landing at Varnville, South Carolina. The engine lost power, while in the initial climb after a touch and go landing, at the Hampton-Varnville Airport, South Carolina. The airplane was operated under 14 CFR Part 91, and visual flight rules. A flight plan was not filed for the personal flight. There were no injuries to the private pilot, nor to the pilot rated passenger. Origination of the flight was Varnville, minutes prior to the accident. The pilot was receiving a biennial flight review and was conducting touch and go landings at the airport. After several landings, while on the initial climb after a touch and go landing, the engine quit. A forced landing was begun. Prior to colliding with towers and houses, the instructor rated pilot turned the engine boost pump to the low position. A burst of power allowed the airplane to be flown to a watermelon field for the forced landing. During the landing roll the nose gear sheared off, which resulted in the right wing colliding with the ground. When the wreckage was examined, by an FAA airworthiness inspector, about 30 gallons of fuel was drained from the airplane. About two ounces of water was drained from the fuel system gascolator. The spark plugs were clean, and the dry combustion deposits normally found on the piston crowns was cleaned away, consistent with water injection. The engine was prepared and operated about 45 seconds. During the first run, the number 5 cylinder did not fire because of water in the injection line. The engine was restarted and operated to 1200 revolutions per minute. A bent propeller precluded higher power output. Both fuel caps were examined for leakage around the seals. No leakage was found. Both fuel bladders had wrinkles; some of which were about 1/2" high. Airworthiness Directive 84-10-01-R1 is applicable to the airplane. It deals with water contamination of fuel systems. The aircraft log indicated that the AD was initially complied with by inspection, on May 31, 1985. Fuel quick drains were installed at this time. Annual inspections were recorded in the aircraft log on 10/10/85, 12/02/86, 06/22/90, 08/10/91, 03/04/93, and 03/10/94. The airplane was approved for return to service following each inspection. According to the inspector, other than the water contamination in the fuel, no evidence of engine failure or malfunction was observed. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N6601X](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N6601X-1998-01-07), registration cancelled 1998-01-07, S/N 21057601 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 210A - Registry model: [Cessna 210A](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-210a) (registry code 2073408) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 21057601 - Engines: CONTINENTAL IO-470E 260 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Stone, Larry Q. - Registered owner: Phillips, Robert A. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, March 10, 1994 - Departed: 3J0 ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 39; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 487 total, 74 in this make and model, 369 as pilot in command, 18 in the last 90 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 340° at 10 knots - Visibility: 15 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 25,000 ft broken - Temperature: 84 °F, dew point 64 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: CHS, 50 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19940810021499A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19940810021499A), Aug 10, 1994: Cessna 210A, Hampton, SC, Substantial damage. Lost power on climbout. Collided with towers and houses on forced landing. Water in fuel. Wrinkles in bladder tanks From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.