# NTSB ATL97LA143: Piper PA-28-181, N35652, Fulton, MS, September 28, 1997 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: September 28, 1997, 17:30 local (22:30 UTC) - Place: Fulton, MS - Coordinates: 34.260654, -88.400039 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=34.2607&lon=-88.4000&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 2 minor - Status: Completed, report June 21, 2000 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 3909 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ATL97LA143 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/3909/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL97LA143 ## Probable cause The excessively rich mixture produced by the carburetor, which led to the fuel exhaustion. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - mech failure/malf, cruise - normal - fluid,fuel - exhaustion (cause) - fuel system,carburetor - malfunction (cause) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - In flight collision with terrain/water, emergency landing - terrain condition - ground ## Analysis According to the pilot, he was flying from Waycross, Georgia to Hamilton, Alabama with full fuel tanks. After landing in Hamilton, he realized that he would not be able to obtain fuel, so he decided to continue west to Tupelo, Mississippi. Enroute to Tupelo, the engine sputtered and lost power. The pilot performed a forced landing. According to the FAA inspector, the airplane should not have run out of fuel, under normal circumstances. The carburetor was sent for examination, and it was determined that it was sending a rich fuel/air mixture into the engine. This rich mixture was most pronounced at cruise throttle settings. ## Factual narrative On September 28, 1997, at 1730 central daylight time, a Piper PA-28-181, N35652, lost engine power and executed an emergency landing in Fulton, Mississippi. The airplane was operated by the pilot under the provisions of Title 14 CFR Part 91 and visual flight rules. A visual flight rules flight plan was filed, but not activated, for this personal flight. The private pilot and his passenger both received minor injuries, and the airplane was substantially damaged. The flight originated for Waycross, Georgia at 1405 eastern daylight time. According to the pilot, he planned a long flight from Waycross, Georgia to Hamilton, Alabama. Although the manual said the engine would consume 8.8 gallons per hour (gph), the pilot planned his fuel consumption using 10 gph, allowing for a margin of error. The airplane had full tanks upon departing from Waycross. Although the pilot stated he tried to open his flight plan, the pilot was unable to establish communication with the flight service station. Upon arriving at Hamilton, the pilot found that no one was there to fuel the airplane. After considering his fuel remaining, the pilot attempted to fly to Tupelo, Mississippi to refuel the airplane. It was an additional 30 miles. About 10 minutes after leaving Hamilton, the engine sputtered and quit. The pilot used the restart procedure and was able to restart the airplane, only to have it sputter and quit again. He made an emergency landing, approximately 18 miles outside of Tupelo. The FAA inspector indicated that he confirmed that the airplane had full tanks upon departure from Waycross. He also indicated that after completing fuel consumption calculations the airplane would not have run out of fuel. After a cursory examination of the engine, the carburetor was sent to Precision Airmotive Corporation, Everett, Washington, for inspection. It was determined during a teardown that the carburetor was sending a rich fuel/air mixture to the engine. The economizer screw was one full turn rich. There was also a bench test done on the carburetor in which five different settings were simulated. By changing the airflow and manifold pressure through the carburetor, it was possible to simulate five throttle settings from idle to full throttle. While bench testing the carburetor, it was noted that when the airflow was set at 400, 700, and 900 lbs/hr, the carburetor was above the rich limits. (see attached report) According to Precision Airmotive Corporation, these airflow settings coincide with the cruise settings in most airplanes. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N35652](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N35652-2000-05-10), registration cancelled 2000-05-10, S/N 28-8090123 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Piper PA-28-181 - Registry model: [Piper PA-28-181](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-181) (registry code 7102807) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 8090123 - Airframe hours: 8116 - Engines: Lycoming O-360 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Alexander Beer-Teissier - Registered owner: Air Desert Pacific Corp. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: AAIP, September 11, 1997, 40 hours before - Departed: HAB, HAMILTON, AL - Destination: TUP, TUPELO, MS - Flight plan: VFR ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 27; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 406 total, 37 in this make and model, 97 as pilot in command, 57 in the last 90 days, 44 in the last 30 days, 4 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 280° at 6 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 81 °F, dew point 64 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: TUP, 18 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19970928029119A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19970928029119A), Sep 28, 1997: Piper PA28181, Fulton, MS, Substantial damage. No fuel at hab. Tried make tup. Ran out of fuel. (-23) aircraft departed way cross, ga (ays) at approximately 1805 UTC, landed at hamilton, Alabama at… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.