# NTSB ATL99FA045: Piper PA-28-181, N1875H, Brevard, NC, January 28, 1999 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: January 27, 1999, 22:05 local (Jan 28, 1999, 03:05 UTC) - Place: Brevard, NC - Coordinates: 35.230213, -82.729782 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.2302&lon=-82.7298&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed, report June 21, 2000 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 45684 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=ATL99FA045 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/45684/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL99FA045 ## Probable cause The pilot's inadequate inflight planning that resulted in fuel exhaustion and the subsequent loss of engine power. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - nonmechanical, maneuvering - fluid,fuel - exhaustion (cause) - in-flight planning/decision - inadequate, pilot in command (cause) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - In flight collision with object, emergency landing - object - tree(s) - object - wire,transmission ## Analysis The pilot reported a low fuel condition to the air traffic controller. The air traffic controller gave the pilot alternate airports available for landing in the immediate vicinity of the accident site. The pilot circled the area for approximately 2.5 hours. After failing to identify any of the airports, the pilot flew towards Brevard, NC. While in a descent towards the vicinity of Brevard, the airplane struck several trees and a power line before impacting the ground. The airframe and engine examinations failed to disclose any evidence of a mechanical malfunction or component failure. The post-impact examination of the engine and airframe fuel system components failed to show evidence of fuel. A small quantity of fuel was observed in the carburetor. There were no obvious indications of fuel spillage at the accident site; nor did the emergency response personnel report the odor of fuel upon their arrival at the accident site. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On January 27, 1999, about 2205 eastern standard time, a Piper PA-28-181, N1875H, collided with trees while maneuvering for a forced landing in Brevard, North Carolina. The airplane was operated by the owner/private pilot under the provisions of Title 14 CFR Part 91 and visual flight rules. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan was filed for the local flight. The pilot and sole occupant received fatal injuries and the airplane was destroyed. There were no injuries reported on the ground. The flight originated from Andrews-Murphy Airport in Andrews, North Carolina, at an undetermined time. At about 1930, according to Atlanta Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC), radio and radar contact was established with the flight. At that time, the pilot reported a low fuel condition (see attached ATC controllers' statements, and chronological summary of flight). The pilot was given alternate airports in the vicinity for an emergency landing, however, the pilot continued to circle for approximately 2.5 hours. Local police reported that, in an effort to assist the distressed airplane, airport lights in the vicinity of the circling airplane were turned on by emergency personnel. Another airplane, based in the local area, was used to help locate the distressed airplane. After failing to identify any of the airports, the pilot elected to fly towards Brevard, NC. While in a descent towards Brevard, the airplane struck several trees and a power line before impacting the ground. After impact with the ground parts of the airplane collided with a mini-van parked on the street, and the propeller assembly separated from the engine assembly coming to rest in a house 45 feet beyond the mini-van. PERSONNEL INFORMATION Information on the pilot can be obtained in this report under the heading of "First Pilot Information." A toxicological analysis was performed on the pilot, but due to the lack of specimens a carbon monoxide and a cyanide test could not be performed. A test for ethanol and drugs was performed and nothing was detected. In January 1996, the pilot surrendered his instrument rating following a reexamination for his instrument rating. AIRCRAFT INFORMATION Information on this airplane can be located in the section of this report under the heading of "Aircraft Information." METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION Visual weather conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. Additional weather data is recorded under the "Weather Information" data field of the Factual Report on page 3. A review of preflight weather records failed to disclose that the pilot had requested and received a weather briefing before the initial departure. The field elevation at the Asheville Airport is 2165 feet. WRECKAGE AND IMPACT INFORMATION According to emergency personnel, the fuselage rested inverted at the accident site when they arrived. Examination of the accident site disclosed that the airplane and freshly broken tree debris were scattered over an area 370 feet long and 50 feet wide. The wreckage path was orientated on a southeasterly heading. Examination of the accident site also revealed that both wings were torn from the airframe, the vertical stabilizer was crushed, and the empennage was bent. The airplane propeller assembly was found in the living room of a single family dwelling 30 feet southeast of the main wreckage. Family members were in another location of the house when the accident occurred. The airplane was subsequently removed from the accident site for further examination. During the follow-up examination the airframe and sub-systems under went an extensive inspection. Details of the examination are included in the attached airframe and engine examination. The airframe and engine examination failed to disclose a mechanical malfunction or component failure. The post-impact examination of the engine and airframe fuel system components failed to show evidence of fuel. A small quantity of fuel was observed in the carburetor. There were no obvious indications of fuel spillage at the accident site; nor did the emergency response personnel report the odor of fuel upon their arrival at the accident site. Examination of the fuel tanks revealed that, there was no damage to either fuel tank and there was a slight fuel odor in each tank. During the examination of the engine and relevant accessories, no usable fuel present in the engine, electric fuel pump, carburetor, or fuel lines leading to the engine. The fuel quantity on board the airplane at takeoff was not determined. Examination of the airframe and the engine assemblies failed to disclose a mechanical malfunction or a component failure. MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION The post mortem examination on the pilot was performed by Dr. Robert L. Thompson at the Office of The Chief Medical Examiner, in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, on January 29, 1999. The toxicological examinations were negative for alcohol and drugs. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION The airplane wreckage was released to Mr. Harry Brooks of Carlson /Brooks in Atlanta, Georgia. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N1875H](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N1875H-2014-09-10), registration cancelled 2014-09-10, S/N 28-7790349, built 1977 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Piper PA-28-181 - Registry model: [Piper PA-28-181](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-181) (registry code 7102807) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming O&VO-360 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-o-vo-360-series) (registry code 41514, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 28-7790349 - Engines: Lycoming O-360-A4M 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: William R. Darden - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Departed: 6A3, ANDREWS, NC ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 63; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 2,841 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night/dark - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 45 °F, dew point 39 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: AVL, 18 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19990127000779A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19990127000779A), Jan 27, 1999: Piper PA28181, Aquoned, NC, Destroyed, 1 fatal. (.19) On January 27, 1999, about 2205 eastern standard time, a Piper PA-28-181, N1875H, collided with trees while maneuvering for a forced landing in brevard,… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.