# NTSB BFO93LA021: Piper PA-22-108, Manorhaven, NY, January 14, 1993

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report
- Date: January 14, 1993, 17:20 local (22:20 UTC)
- Place: Manorhaven, NY
- Coordinates: 40.849983, -72.699287 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=40.8500&lon=-72.6993&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Highest injury: Minor injuries
- Injuries: 1 minor
- Status: Completed, report October 13, 1993
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- NTSB case key (mKey): 11894
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=BFO93LA021
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/11894/pdf
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA021

## Probable cause

THE PARTIAL POWER LOSS DUE TO INDUCTION SYSTEM ICING AND THE PILOTS FAILURE TO APPLY CARBURETOR HEAT DURING WEATHER CONDUCIVE TO INDUCTION SYSTEM ICING.

## Sequence of events

In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf).

- Loss of engine power(partial) - nonmechanical, cruise - normal
  - induction air control,air filter/screen - blocked(partial) (cause)
  - carburetor heat - disregarded, pilot in command (cause)
- Forced landing, descent - emergency
- Ditching, landing

## Analysis

DURING CRUISE, AT AN ALTITUDE OF ABOUT 700 FEET AGL, THE AIRPLANE'S ENGINE STARTED TO SPUTTER AND LOSE POWER.  THE PILOT STATED THAT HE SWITCHED TANKS FROM THE LEFT FUEL TANK TO THE RIGHT FUEL TANK, AND ABOUT 15 MINUTES LATER THE AIRPLANE CONTINUED TO LOSE POWER.  HE STATED HE TRIED TO SWITCH FUEL TANKS AGAIN, BUT THE ENGINE DID NOT RESPOND AND HE COULD NOT MAINTAIN THE AIRPLANE'S ALTITUDE AND WAS FORCED TO DITCH.  HE STATED THAT THE ENGINE NEVER LOST TOTAL POWER. AT THE TIME OF THE ACCIDENT, IT WAS LIGHTLY SNOWING.  THE OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE WAS 32 DEGREES F AND THE DEW POINT WAS 29 DEGREES F.  EXAMINATION OF THE AIRPLANE DID NOT REVEAL ANY MECHANICAL MALFUNCTIONS.  THE FUEL TANK SELECTOR WAS FOUND SELECTED TO THE LEFT FUEL TANK.  THE LEFT FUEL TANK WAS EMPTY AND THE RIGHT FUEL TANK HAD AN UNDETERMINED AMOUNT OF FUEL IN IT.  THE CARBURETOR HEAT CONTROL WAS FOUND IN THE 'COLD' POSITION.  AT THE TIME OF THE ACCIDENT, ACCORDING TO THE ICING PROBABILITY CURVES, CONDITIONS FAVORABLE TO THE FORMATION OF INDUCTION SYSTEM ICING EXISTED.  THE PILOT STATED IN THE RECOMMENDATIONS SECTION OF THE PILOT REPORT, '...PULL THE CARB HEAT...CARB ICE SHOULD BE GIVEN MORE EMPHASIS IN TRAINING....'

## Aircraft

- Registration: CFAXE (not matched to a registry record)
- Reported make and model: PIPER PA-22-108
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 22-8753
- Airframe hours: 3420
- Engines: LYCOMING O-235-C1B 108 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Personal, Part 91
- Operator: Thomas Power
- Registered owner: Thomas Power
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: 100 hour, January 2, 2000, 1 hours before
- Departed: RKD, ROCKLAND, ME
- Destination: LDJ, LINDEN, NJ

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 29; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 1, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 397 total, 320 in this make and model, 340 as pilot in command, 4 in the last 90 days, 4 in the last 30 days

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Dusk
- Wind: 50° at 8 knots
- Visibility: 9 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: 1,500 ft overcast
- Temperature: 32 °F, dew point 28 °F
- Altimeter: 30.00 inHg
- Observed at: LGA, 6 nm away

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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