# NTSB BFO93LA174: Cessna 182L, N42233, Oxford, MA, September 13, 1993 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: September 13, 1993, 11:50 local (15:50 UTC) - Place: Oxford, MA - Location: 42.1251° N, 71.7398° W: Placed by OpenAirDocs at Waters Airport (MA97), within about a mile (OpenAirDocs) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=42.1251&lon=-71.7398&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report October 20, 1994 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 8819 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=BFO93LA174 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/8819/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA174 ## Probable cause THE FAILURE OF THE CFI TO MAINTAIN A PROPER DESCENT RATE, AND HIS DELAY IN PERFORMING REMEDIAL ACTION. FACTORS RELATED TO THE ACCIDENT ARE THE DOWNDRAFT, THE GUSTING WINDS, AND THE SOFT RUNWAY. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Hard landing, landing - flare/touchdown - weather condition - downdraft (contributing factor) - weather condition - gusts (contributing factor) - proper descent rate - not maintained, pilot in command(cfi) (cause) - remedial action - delayed, pilot in command(cfi) (cause) - Nose gear collapsed, landing - flare/touchdown - landing gear,nose gear strut - overload - Nose over, landing - roll - airport facilities,runway/landing area condition - soft (contributing factor) ## Analysis THE PRIVATE PILOT WAS RECEIVING INSTRUCTION IN HIS AIRPLANE BY A CERTIFIED FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR (CFI). DURING LANDING ON A GRASS STRIP, THE AIRPLANE ENCOUNTERED A DOWNDRAFT. THE CFI TOOK THE CONTROLS. THE NOSE GEAR IMPACTED THE GROUND AND WAS SEPARATED. THE AIRPLANE CONTINUED TO ROLL UNTIL THE NOSE SETTLED TO THE GROUND. THE AIRPLANE NOSED OVER AND RECEIVED SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGE. NO PRE-IMPACT MECHANICAL DEFICIENCIES WERE FOUND ON THE NOSE LANDING GEAR FORK OR ANY OTHER AIRPLANE COMPONENT. THE REPORTED WIND CONDITIONS NEAR THE ACCIDENT SITE WERE 15 KNOTS GUSTING TO 25 KNOTS FROM 240 DEGREES. THE DIRECTION OF LANDING WAS 140 DEGREES. ## Factual narrative On September 13, 1993, about 1150 hours eastern daylight time, N42233, a Cessna 182L, operated by the owner/pilot, landed hard and nosed over at a private airstrip in Oxford, Massachusetts. The nose gear collapsed and the airplane was substantially damaged. The certified flight instructor (CFI) and certificated private pilot student were not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and a flight plan was not filed. The instructional flight departed from Danielson, Connecticut, about 1000 hours and was conducted under 14 CFR 91. According to an FAA aviation safety inspector, the owner of the airplane, a private pilot, was receiving a "check out" in the Cessna 182L by the CFI. During landing, the nose gear collapsed, but the airplane continued to roll on its main gear for 234 feet. An examination of the grass runway revealed initial ground tracks of the main landing gear were found next to a 14-foot ground scar and the separated nose gear. The nose then settled into the ground and the airplane flipped over. The left wing leading edge, right wing strut, vertical stabilizer, and fuselage were damaged. According to the CFI, the private pilot was on a one-quarter mile final approach for runway 14. While 50 feet above the approach end of the runway, an "extremely high sink rate was encountered due to low level wind shear." The CFI took control of the airplane. Ground contact was made "in a slightly tail low attitude" and no stall warning was heard. The nose wheel "immediately broke off approximately 250 feet later." The fractured nose landing gear fork was send to the NTSB Metallurgical Laboratory for examination. The examination did not reveal any evidence of pre-impact deficiencies. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N42233](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N42233-1994-06-10), registration cancelled 1994-06-10, S/N 18258915 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 182L - Registry model: [Cessna 182L](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182l) (registry code 2072726) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 18258915 - Airframe hours: 1090 - Engines: CONTINENTAL O-470-R 230 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Martin T. Weiss - Registered owner: Martin T. Weiss - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, December 7, 1992, 17 hours before - Departed: 5B3, DANIELSON, CT - Airport: MA97, Waters Field, runway 14, 2,400 × 100 ft, grass/turf ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 46; airline transport, flight instructor; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: right; flight hours: 13,500 total, 100 in this make and model, 9,000 as pilot in command, 150 in the last 90 days, 8 in the last 30 days, 4 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 240° at 15 knots, gusting 25 - Visibility: 30 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 70 °F, dew point 55 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: ORH, 8 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19930913033959A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19930913033959A), Sep 13, 1993: Cessna 182L, Sutton, MA, Substantial damage. Inspection area shows hard landing severed nose gear. Nosed over. CFI took over on final due wind. Blamed windshear ## Other investigations on N42233 (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB NYC70D0050](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC70D0050), May 27, 1969: Cessna 182 (N42233), Andes, NY, substantial damage From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.