# NTSB BFO95LA017: Piper PA-23-160, N4430P, Blooming Grove, PA, November 23, 1994 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: November 23, 1994, 16:30 local (21:30 UTC) - Place: Blooming Grove, PA - Coordinates: 41.469093, -75.620376 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=41.4691&lon=-75.6204&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor, 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report February 8, 1996 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 9020 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=BFO95LA017 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/9020/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA017 ## Probable cause The malfunction of the carburetor heat control which resulted in loss of engine power. The carburetor icing weather condition was a factor. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power, cruise - weather condition - carburetor icing conditions (contributing factor) - carburetor heat - attempted, pilot in command - carburetor heat control - jammed (contributing factor) - fuel system,carburetor - ice (cause) - Forced landing, descent - emergency - In flight collision with terrain/water, landing - terrain condition - swampy (contributing factor) ## Analysis THE PILOT REPORTED THAT THE AIRPLANE WAS IN CRUISE FLIGHT IN THE CLOUDS AT 9000 FEET MSL WHEN THE AIRCRAFT ENCOUNTERED A SNOW SQUALL. HE STATED THAT HE APPLIED CARBURETOR HEAT TO BOTH ENGINES, BUT THE CARBURETOR HEAT CONTROL FOR THE LEFT ENGINE ONLY COULD BE MOVED 1/3 OF ITS FULL TRAVEL. SHORTLY THEREAFTER, THE LEFT ENGINE LOST POWER. THE PILOT STATED THAT HE WAS UNABLE TO MAINTAIN ALTITUDE AND REQUESTED VECTORS TO THE NEAREST AIRPORT. AS THE AIRPLANE DESCENDED THE RIGHT ENGINE ALSO LOST POWER. THE PILOT STATED THAT HE MADE A GEAR UP FORCED LANDING IN A SWAMPY FIELD. THE AIRPLANE WAS EXAMINED AT THE ACCIDENT BY AN FAA AVIATION SAFETY INSPECTOR WHO REPORTED THAT THERE WAS WATER IN THE CYLINDERS OF BOTH ENGINES. THE PILOT REPORTED THAT HE RECEIVED TWO WEATHER BRIEFINGS, AND THE ACCIDENT COULD HAVE BEEN PREVENTED IF HIS ROUTE WAS FURTHER EASTWARD TO AVOID THE COLD FRONT WITH LAKE SNOW EFFECT. ## Factual narrative On November 23, 1994, at 1630 eastern standard time, N4430P, a Piper PA-23-160, piloted by the commercial pilot/registered owner, experienced a loss of engine power and crashed in a swamp 10 miles southeast of Cherry Ridge Airport in Blooming Grove, Pennsylvania. The commercial pilot and the one passenger, the sole occupants, received minor injuries. The airplane was substantially damaged. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed and an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan was filed. The airplane operated under 14 CFR Part 91. The flight originated in Louisville, Kentucky at 1306, with an intended destination of Poughkeepsie, New York. The pilot reported that the airplane was in cruise flight in clouds at 9000 feet Mean Sea Level (MSL) when it encountered a snow squall. He stated that when he applied carburetor heat to both engines, the right carburetor heat control worked properly, but the carburetor heat control for the left engine would only move 1/3 of its normal travel. In an attempt to get clear of the clouds, the pilot requested and received Air Traffic Control (ATC) clearance to climb to 11,000 feet MSL. The pilot stated when he reached 11,000 feet, the airplane was still in the clouds, and had accumulated 1/2 inch of rime ice. In another attempt to get clear of the clouds, the pilot requested ATC clearance to deviate to the east of his intended flight path. ATC was unable to accommodate that request, but approved a subsequent request to descend to 5,000 feet MSL. The pilot stated that at 5,000 feet, the carburetor heat control for the left engine "...freed up..." however the left engine "...failed to produce thrust...aircraft would not maintain 5,000 MSL...I requested vectors to the nearest airport." The pilot stated that he was unable to maintain altitude on one engine, and as the airplane descended, the right engine lost power. The pilot made a forced landing in a swamp. The airplane was examined at the accident site by an FAA Aviation Safety Inspector. The examination included the removal of the spark plugs. The examination revealed water in the cylinders of both engines. At the time of the accident there was snow showers in the area. The pilot reported that there was no mechanical malfunction, and that he had received two weather briefings. He also reported that the accident could have been prevented if the route of flight was further eastward so as to avoid the cold front with lake effects snow. At 1653, the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton, Pennsylvania Weather Observation Facility, located 23 nautical miles west of the accident site, recorded a temperature of 27 degrees Fahrenheit and a dew point of 24 degrees Fahrenheit. According to Icing Probability Curves, conditions which are known to be favorable to the formation of moderate induction system icing at glide power existed. (See attached Icing Probablity Curve Chart.) ## Aircraft - Registration: [N4430P](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N4430P-1997-10-07), registration cancelled 1997-10-07, S/N 231946 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA-23-160 - Registry model: [Piper PA-23-160](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-23-160) (registry code 7102304) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 23-1946 - Airframe hours: 3252 - Engines: LYCOMING O-320-B3B 160 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Registered owner: Donald A Mc Millen - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, January 15, 1994, 60 hours before - Departed: LOU, LOUISVILLE, KY - Destination: POU, POUGHKEEPSIE, NY - Flight plan: IFR ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 50; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 1,004 total, 83 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Day - Wind: 340° at 13 knots - Visibility: 0.5 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 2,000 ft broken - Temperature: 27 °F, dew point 25 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg - Observed at: AVP, 23 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19941123039969A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19941123039969A), Nov 23, 1994: Piper PA23160, Blooming Grove, PA, Substantial damage. Carb heat not used prior entering. Icing conditions. Unable full heat. Both engines quit. Landed in swamp. Iced up. ## Other investigations on N4430P (2) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB CHI74DEE50](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI74DEE50), Feb 2, 1974: Piper PA-23 (N4430P), Wheeling, IL, substantial damage - [NTSB UNK64X1425](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/UNK64X1425), Apr 23, 1964: Piper PA23 (N4430P), Guthrie, OK, substantial damage From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.