# NTSB BFO96LA008: Grumman American G-1159, N635AV, Cleveland, OH, October 12, 1995 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: October 12, 1995, 18:00 local (22:00 UTC) - Place: Cleveland, OH - Location: 41.4094° N, 81.8547° W: Placed by OpenAirDocs at CLEVELAND-HOPKINS INTL (CLE), within about a mile (OpenAirDocs) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=41.4094&lon=-81.8547&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 9 uninjured - Status: Completed, report January 17, 1997 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 9103 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=BFO96LA008 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/9103/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO96LA008 ## Probable cause the pilots' failure to attain the proper touchdown point and avoid obstacles (construction barricades) during the landing flare/touchdown. Related factors were: the sunglare, which limited in the pilots' visual lookout during the approach, and the unavailable (barricaded) section of the runway. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Undershoot, landing - notams - obtained, pilot in command - all available runway - not available (contributing factor) - light condition - sunglare (contributing factor) - visual lookout - restricted, pilot in command (contributing factor) - proper touchdown point - not attained, pilot in command (cause) - On ground/water collision with object, landing - airport facilities,runway/landing area condition - construction area - object - wall/barricade (contributing factor) ## Analysis The pilots stated that the flight departed Canada with a stop in Ohio to drop off a passenger and to clear customs. They stated that the flight was uneventful, and they received the ATIS and NOTAMS for the airport. The published NOTAM stated in part: RY 5R-23L NE 1899 ft. clsd due to construction. The copilot stated that as they approached the runway, he did not see any construction, so he assumed the NOTAM was for the departure end of runway 23L. He stated that he used the normal aiming points for the approach, and did not see the barricades until it was too late to avoid them. He stated that the bright sun restricted his visibility and he was unaware of a displaced threshold for runway 23L. The pilot in the right seat stated that he was also blinded by the sunglare. Both pilots reported that they had flown into this airport many times and that there was no mechanical malfunction. They stated that the accident could have been prevented if they had touched down farther along the runway. ## Factual narrative On October 12, 1995, at about 1800 eastern daylight time (EDT), a Gulfstream G-1159, N635AV, collided with construction barriers on runway 23L during landing at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, in Cleveland, Ohio. The airline transport pilot (ATP) certificated pilot and copilot, the flight attendant, and the six passengers were not injured. The aircraft sustained substantial damage. The aircraft was being operated as a business flight under 14 CFR 91 when the accident occurred. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and an IFR flight plan was filed. The trip originated in Frobisher, Canada, at 1430 EDT, and the destination was Cleveland, Ohio. The pilot reported that the flight departed Canada and made a planned stop in Cleveland, Ohio to drop off a passenger and to clear customs. He stated that the ultimate intended destination was Jackson, Wyoming. According to the pilot, he was seated in the right seat during the approach to Cleveland, while the copilot, the flying pilot, was seated in the left seat. Both pilots stated that they obtained the Cleveland Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) and Notice to Airmen (NOTAMS) with information regarding the construction on the runway and the runway restrictions. The pilots stated that the glideslope was inoperative for the approach, and that they made a normal approach to the runway. Both pilots stated that the sun was in their eyes and they did not see the construction barricades on the runway during the approach to landing. During the landing the left main landing gear struck the construction barriers at the approach end of runway 23L, the left main landing gear collapsed and the aircraft veered off the left side of the runway onto a grassy area. The copilot was interviewed by a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Safety Inspector. According to the FAA Inspector, the copilot reported that although he was aware of the construction and runway restrictions, when he did not see any construction or vehicles on the runway during the approach, he assumed the NOTAM was for the departure end of runway 23L. He stated that on final approach the sun was in his eyes, so he used the aiming point markers on the runway for the approach. The copilot stated that after touchdown he saw the construction barriers, but he was unable to avoid hitting them. The FAA Inspector stated that he interviewed the pilots after the accident and they both reported that the bright sun restricted their visibility. The Inspector stated that the NOTAM with regard to the runway states in part: RY 5R - 23L NE 1899 ft. clsd. due to construction from 10-07-95 at 0500 lcl until 10-23-95 @ 1600 lcl RY usable length 7100 ft. The pilot reported that there was no mechanical malfunction. The FAA Inspector stated that both pilots reported that they landed at Cleveland many times and the accident could have been prevented if the copilot had planned the approach to touchdown farther along the runway. Additionally, the pilot stated that he should have been more involved in the approach. ## Aircraft - Registration: N635AV (not matched to a registry record) - Reported make and model: Grumman American G-1159 - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 168 - Engines: Rolls-Royce SPEY MK 511-8 1140 lbs thrust turbo fan - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Business, Part 91 - Operator: The Air Group Inc. - Registered owner: Avery Dennison - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Transport - Departed: CYFB, FROBISHER, OF - Destination: CLE, OH - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: CLE, Cleveland Hopkins, runway 23L, 8,999 × 150 ft, concrete ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 65; airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: right; flight hours: 22,635 total, 11,000 in this make and model, 16,000 as pilot in command, 120 in the last 90 days, 40 in the last 30 days, 8 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 210° at 5 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 64 °F, dew point 54 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg - Observed at: CLE ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19951012032959A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19951012032959A), Oct 12, 1995: Gulstm G1159, Cleveland, OH, Substantial damage. Landed short on runway. Struck barricade 700 feet from runway threshold. On local approach. Blinded by sun. (-23) acft N635AV, piloted by kent jaeger, landed… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.