# NTSB CEN09LA247: Cessna 182T, N1491D, Stigler, OK, April 9, 2009 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: April 9, 2009, 16:15 local (21:15 UTC) - Place: Stigler, OK - Coordinates: 35.230278, -95.126388 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.2303&lon=-95.1264&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Takeoff](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/300) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Takeoff: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious, 2 minor - Status: Completed, report September 30, 2009 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: FAA FSDO, AmSafe, Cessna Aircraft Company - NTSB case key (mKey): 73645 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN09LA247 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/73645/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=73645 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN09LA247 ## Probable cause The loss of directional control during takeoff. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's decision to take off with 40-degrees of flaps and with a tailwind. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182T, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000/cases.md?model=2072703), [All aircraft, 1,269 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000/cases.md) - [Wind](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034000): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on operation; cases with it: [Cessna 182T, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034000/cases.md?model=2072703), [All aircraft, 110 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034000/cases.md) - [Info processing/decision: decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182T, 11 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md?model=2072703), [All aircraft, 3,098 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Takeoff: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 182T, 11 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md?model=2072703), [All aircraft, 5,002 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md) - [Takeoff: Collision during takeoff/land](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490); cases with it: [Cessna 182T, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490/sequence.md?model=2072703), [All aircraft, 1,309 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490/sequence.md) ## Analysis With winds gusting from the southeast, the private pilot elected to depart to the north from a private grass strip. During the takeoff sequence, the airplane drifted to the west of the grass strip and the airplane impacted terrain in a crab. The airplane rolled and came to rest in the inverted position. The airplane's airbag system did not deploy. No pre-impact anomalies were detected with the airframe or engine. The airbag system was tested and found to be within system tolerances. The takeoff flap setting of 40-degrees, which is not recommended by the airplane manufacturer, allowed the airplane to become airborne prior to reaching an airspeed which would allow for maximum effectiveness of the control surfaces. ## Factual narrative On April 9, 2009, approximately 1615 central daylight time, a Cessna 182T, N1491D, was substantially damaged upon collision with terrain following a loss of control during initial takeoff from a private airfield near Stigler, Oklahoma. The private pilot was seriously injured and the two passengers received minor injuries. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan was filed for the Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The airplane was owned and operated by a private individual. The 108 nautical mile cross-country flight was originating at the time of the accident and was destined for the Ardmore Municipal Airport (ADM), Ardmore, Oklahoma. An initial statement from the passenger, collected by a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector, stated that during takeoff, the airplane encountered a gust of wind. The pilot lost control of the airplane, collided with terrain and nosed over, coming to rest in the inverted position. In a telephone interview with the pilot, he could not recall the accident sequence. He stated that he normally would set 20 degrees of flaps and take off to the north. He recalled obtaining a weather briefing, but could not remember any specific details. An on-scene examination of the airframe was conducted by representatives from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), FAA, AmSafe, and the Cessna Aircraft Company. The pilot had attempted to takeoff to the north on the grass strip which had an unmeasured down slope. The ground 219 feet west of the strip displayed ground scars consistent with the airplane's landing gear aligned on a heading of 315 degrees. Approximately 660 feet west of the landing gear ground scars was additional evidence of the airplane contacting the ground aligned on a heading of 300 degrees. Three ground scars consistent with propeller strikes were found not aligned with the larger ground scar, consistent with the airplane being in a "crab" during the ground contact. The airplane came to rest in the inverted position. The outboard four feet of the left wing displayed signs of rearward crushing, and this section was found folded on top of the wing. Control continuity was established from the flight controls to the control surfaces. The flaps were found at 40 degrees. Damage between the left flap and left aileron was consistent with 40 degrees of flap at the time of damage to the left wing. The propeller remained attached to the engine. All blades displayed chord-wise scratches and leading edge polishing consistent with engine power at the time of impact. The examination of the airframe and engine failed to reveal any pre-impact anomaly. The airplane was configured with four AmSafe airbag systems. None of the AmSafe airbag systems deployed during the accident sequence. An on-scene examination of the AmSafe system did not reveal any anomaly in the systems and the system's Electronics Module Assemblies (EMA) were removed fromthe accident airplane and tested at AmSafe's facility in Phoenix, Arizona. The crash sensors and firing signals performed within the approved tolerances. A review of the pilot's operating handbook (POH) revealed that "flap deflections of 30 degree to 40 degree are not recommended at any time for take-off." Furthermore, "take-offs into strong crosswinds normally are performed with the minimum flap setting necessary for the field length, to minimize the drift angle immediately after take-off. The airplane is accelerated to a speed slightly higher than normal, then pulled off abruptly to prevent possible settling back to the runway while drifting. When clear of the ground, make a coordinated turn into the wind to correct for drift." At 1610, an automated weather reporting facility at Sallisaw Municipal Airport (JSV), located about 20 nautical miles northeast of the accident site reported winds from 170 degrees at 16 gusting to 21 knots. At 1653, an automated weather reporting facility at Davis Field Airport (MKO), located about 29 nautical miles northwest of the accident site reported winds from 160 degrees at 21 knots gusting to 29 knots with a remark that at 1620 a peak wind gust from 150 degrees at 35 knots was recorded. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N1491D](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N1491D-2017-04-24), registration cancelled 2017-04-24, S/N 18281903, built 2007 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 182T - Registry model: [Cessna 182T](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182t) (registry code 2072703) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming IO-540-AB1A5](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-io-540-ab1a5) (registry code 41808, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 18281903 - Airframe hours: 222.9 - Engines: LYCOMING IO-540-AB1A5 230 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, March 25, 2008, 169.9 hours before - Departed: Stiger, OK - Destination: ADM, Ardmore Muni, OK - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: Private strip ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 18; injuries: serious; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; last flight review February 25, 2009; seat: left; flight hours: 151 total, 115 in this make and model, 115 as pilot in command, 21 in the last 90 days, 15 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 170° at 16 knots, gusting 21 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 73 °F, dew point 57 °F - Altimeter: 29.45 inHg - Observed at: JSV, 20 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20090409003839A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20090409003839A), Apr 9, 2009: Cessna 182T, Stigler, OK, Destroyed. (-23) On April 9, 2009, N1491D crashed during takeoff from the pilot's father's private sod runway. It was reported by the pilot and passengers that there was… ## Docket (5 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 7, 2009, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=73645. 4.6 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 595 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40316676&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Photo: Wreckage overview (item 2, .PDF, 1.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40316677&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%3A%20Wreckage%20overview-Master.PDF - Photo: Left wing damage (item 3, .PDF, 1.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40316678&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%3A%20Left%20wing%20damage-Master.PDF - Reports from Parties to the Investigation: AMSAFE testing (item 4, .PDF, 244 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40316688&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Reports%20from%20Parties%20to%20the%20Investigation%3A%20AMSAFE%20testing-Master.PDF - Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 5, .PDF, 52 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40316984&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Redacted.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.