# NTSB CEN09LA586: Cessna 172S, N568ND, Duluth, MN, September 7, 2009 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: September 7, 2009 - Place: Duluth, MN · Estimated airport - Coordinates: 46.836914, -92.179646 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=46.8369&lon=-92.1796&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report April 19, 2010 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: FAA Fargo FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 74740 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN09LA586 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/74740/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=74740 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN09LA586 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control during landing, resulting in a hard landing and a propeller strike with the ground. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Fuselage: fuselage main structure](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01035310): Aircraft › Aircraft structures · Damaged/degraded (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01035310/cases.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 24 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01035310/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: landing flare](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 99 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 1,285 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 206 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 77 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 1,506 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md) ## Analysis During a solo cross-country flight, the private pilot landed and shut down the airplane at two airports before returning to the initial airport of departure. During refueling after the end of the entire cross-country flight, a lineman noticed that the propeller tip was bent aft. He notified dispatch immediately, and dispatch reported that the damage had not been reported by anyone. During the maintenance turnaround of the airplane, the engine firewall was also found to be damaged. The private pilot was contacted later and indicated that all three landings of the cross-country flight were normal, and he did not know when the damage occurred. However, he reported that he ballooned during the first landing. He also reported that prior to departing from the second airport, he taxied over a rough area and heard a "bing." He reported feeling a vibration in the airplane during the final leg of the cross-country flight. An instructor pilot who had flown in the airplane prior to the solo cross-country flight stated that he was confident that no hard landing damage had occurred on that previous instruction flight. The damage to the firewall and the propeller is consistent with a hard landing during one of the legs of the solo cross-country flight. ## Factual narrative On September 7, 2009, a Cessna 172S, N568ND, operated by the University of North Dakota, sustained substantial damage during a suspected hard landing. The private pilot, the sole occupant, was not injured. The 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 flight departed Grand Forks International Airport (GFK), Grand Forks, North Dakota, at 1340 central daylight time. The airplane landed at St. Cloud Regional Airport (STC), St. Cloud, Minnesota, about 1600. After refueling, the airplane departed at 1640 for Duluth International Airport (DLH), Duluth, Minnesota, and arrived at 1750. The airplane departed DLH at 1830 and arrived back at GFK at 2045. Damage to the propeller was discovered during the maintenance turnaround of the airplane. The exact location when the damage to the airplane occurred was not determined. The flight was conducted in visual meteorological conditions, and a flight plan was filed. The pilot reported that he performed a normal landing at STC. He stated that the airplane ballooned during the flare so he released back pressure and flared again. After landing, he taxied to the ramp and refueled the airplane. The pilot reported that when he arrived at DLH he performed a normal cross-wind landing. After landing he taxied to the ramp and shut the engine off. No fuel was added and the pilot taxied out for departure about 40 minutes after arriving at DLH. He reported that while taxiing to runway 09, he taxied over a rough area. He stated, “I taxied over the rough spot and heard to my best knowledge as a loud bing!” He checked his instruments and nothing appeared abnormal so he continued to taxi. He departed DLH and climbed to 8,500 feet. He reported that the airplane was shaking slightly, but the engine and flight instruments were normal so he continued the flight to GFK. The pilot reported that the landing at GFK was normal. His post flight inspection of the airplane was brief and he did not inspect the propeller during his walk around. An instructor pilot, who had provided flight instruction in the airplane prior to the accident flight, stated that the flight was an instrument training flight. Only two landings were made and he stated that he was confident that no hard landing damage had occurred during the instructional flight. The lineman at GFK reported that while he was fueling the airplane he noticed that the propeller appeared to have struck the ground. He stated that about 1-2 inches of the propeller was bent backwards. He notified dispatch immediately about the discrepancy, and dispatch informed him that it had not been reported by a flight crew. An inspection of the airplane revealed damage to the propeller and the engine firewall. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N568ND](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N568ND), registered now, S/N 172S10806, built 2008 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 172S - Registry model: [Cessna 172S](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172s) (registry code 2072439) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming IO-360-L2A](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-io-360-l2a) (registry code 41597, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Airframe hours: 874 - Engines: Lycoming IO-360-L2A 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: University of North Dakota - Registered owner: University of North Dakota - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: AAIP, September 3, 2009 - Departed: GFK, Grand Forks, ND - Destination: GFK, Grand Forks, ND - Flight plan: VFR - Airport: Unknown ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 21; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 1, without waivers/limitations; last flight review July 16, 2009; seat: left; flight hours: 160 total, 160 in this make and model, 62 as pilot in command, 108 in the last 90 days, 47 in the last 30 days, 3 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 150° at 10 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 4,900 ft broken - Temperature: 79 °F, dew point 57 °F - Altimeter: 30.03 inHg - Observed at: STC ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20090907020219A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20090907020219A), Sep 7, 2009: Cessna 172S, Grand Forks, ND, Substantial damage. PIC was conducting a cross country flight needed for flight time needed for commercial pilot certificate when he had a hard landing resulting in damage to the… ## Docket (4 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on January 8, 2010, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=74740. 884 KB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 449 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323814&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Pilot's Statement (item 2, .PDF, 81 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323815&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%27s%20Statement-Master.PDF - Witness Statements (item 3, .PDF, 55 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323816&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statements-Master.PDF - Weather Observations (item 4, .PDF, 299 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40323713&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Weather%20Observations-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.