# NTSB CEN09LA597: Piper PA-12, N3234M, Columbia, MO, September 22, 2009

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · Fatal · Limited investigation · Final report
- Date: September 22, 2009, 09:35 local (14:35 UTC)
- Place: Columbia, MO
- Coordinates: 38.860832, -92.135276
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=38.8608&lon=-92.1353&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Defining event: [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: VFR encounter with IMC](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401)
- Highest injury: Fatal
- Injuries: 1 fatal
- Status: Completed, report May 28, 2010
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- NTSB office: Central Region
- Parties: FAA Kansas City FSDO
- NTSB case key (mKey): 74783
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN09LA597
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/74783/pdf
- NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=74783
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN09LA597

## Probable cause

The pilot's continued visual flight into instrument meteorological conditions, which included low ceilings and fog, and his failure to maintain control of the airplane. Contributing to the accident was the partial loss of engine power as a result of water contamination of the fuel.

## Findings

NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause.

- [Planning/preparation: flight planning/navigation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061025): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-12, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061025/cases.md?model=7101202), [All aircraft, 179 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061025/cases.md)
- [Action: incorrect action performance](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-12, 11 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015/cases.md?model=7101202), [All aircraft, 1,386 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015/cases.md)
- [Fluids: fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010): Aircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid condition (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-12, 10 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md?model=7101202), [All aircraft, 1,695 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md)
- [Engine (reciprocating)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058500): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Inoperative (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-12, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058500/cases.md?model=7101202), [All aircraft, 497 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058500/cases.md)
- [Ceiling/visibility/precip: low ceiling](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035010): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-12, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035010/cases.md?model=7101202), [All aircraft, 190 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035010/cases.md)
- [Ceiling/visibility/precip: fog](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035055): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-12, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035055/cases.md?model=7101202), [All aircraft, 78 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035055/cases.md)
- [Ceiling/visibility/precip: low visibility](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035015): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Effect on operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-12, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035015/cases.md?model=7101202), [All aircraft, 175 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035015/cases.md)
- [Performance/control parameters](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-12, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000/cases.md?model=7101202), [All aircraft, 1,269 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000/cases.md)

## Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened.

- [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: VFR encounter with IMC](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401) (defining event); cases with it: [Piper PA-12, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401/sequence.md?model=7101202), [All aircraft, 392 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401/sequence.md)
- [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Fuel contamination](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/193); cases with it: [Piper PA-12, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/193/sequence.md?model=7101202), [All aircraft, 225 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/193/sequence.md)
- [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240); cases with it: [Piper PA-12, 15 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md?model=7101202), [All aircraft, 5,002 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md)
- [Uncontrolled descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Piper PA-12, 42 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=7101202), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md)

## Analysis

Due to adverse weather conditions, the pilot landed at a grass airstrip en route to his destination. The airport manager stated that a front was approaching the airport and that it rained all night. According to the airport manager, the pilot returned to the airport the next morning, started the airplane, and taxied to the fuel pump. The right fuel cap was missing. He drained the fuel sump repeatedly because he found water in the right tank. The airport manager gave the pilot a fuel cap for the right tank so that he could depart. Witnesses reported seeing the airplane flying 50–60 feet above the ground with the engine sputtering and cutting in and out prior to the accident. Airplane impact damage was consistent with a steep nose-down attitude with about 80 degrees of left roll. Witnesses reported heavy cloud cover and limited visibility due to light-to-moderate fog. Observed weather near the accident site was 1/4 mile visibility in fog with an indefinite ceiling at 100 feet. The Weather Depiction Chart depicted an area of instrument-flight-rule (IFR) conditions along and behind the cold front. The accident site was located in an area of IFR conditions, with the departure and planned destination airports under visual flight rules (VFR) conditions. The pilot was not instrument rated, and the airplane was not equipped for IFR flight. The inspection of the engine and airframe revealed no preimpact anomalies. The propeller blades were bent aft from impact forces.

## Factual narrative

On September 22, 2009, at 0935 central daylight time, a Piper PA-12, N3234M, sustained substantial damage when it impacted terrain about five miles east-northeast of the Columbia Regional Airport (COU), Columbia, Missouri. The private pilot, who was the sole occupant, received fatal injuries. The 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight had departed the Montgomery-Wehrman Airport (4MO), Montgomery City, Missouri, about 0845, and was en route to Wichita, Kansas. Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. No flight plan was filed. The pilot purchased the airplane in Pennsylvania on September 20, 2009, and departed in the afternoon on the same day for Wichita, Kansas. It was not determined where the pilot stopped en route that night. On September 21, 2009, the pilot landed at 4MO, a privately owned grass airstrip that was open to the public, due to weather. The airport manager at 4MO stated that he saw the airplane taxiing to the tie-downs. He helped the pilot tie the airplane down, and then they checked the weather via weather radar on the television. The airport manager stated that a weather front was approaching the airport. The pilot decided to stay at Montgomery City, MO, for the night. The airport manager reported that it rained all night. According to the airport manager, the pilot returned to the airport the next morning, started the airplane, and taxied to the fuel pump. The right fuel cap was missing. The pilot drained the fuel sump repeatedly because he found water in the right tank. The left tank was checked for water contamination and none was found. The airport manager gave the pilot a fuel cap for the right tank so he could depart. Witnesses reported seeing the airplane flying at a low altitude prior to the accident. One witness reported that she saw the airplane flying 50 – 60 feet off the ground. The engine was sputtering and cutting in and out. Another witness reported seeing the airplane below the fog. He lost sight of the airplane but he could hear it. He stated that the airplane circled the area two or three times. He stated that the engine was sputtering like it had a fuel problem. A third witness reported that he saw the airplane flying over his property at about 50 – 60 feet above the ground, and the engine was making a sputtering noise. The airplane impacted a grassy field located along the north side of CR 346 near Wise Drive in Callaway County, Missouri. The accident site was located about 30 nautical miles west, southwest of 4MO. The 31-year-old pilot held a private pilot’s certificate with a single-engine land rating. The pilot was not instrument rated. He held a third-class medical certificate. He started flying in 2001 and had a total flight time of about 284 hours. The pilot’s flight logbook indicated that he moved to Alaska in June 2009 and had logged about 29.4 hours of flight time in a Piper J-4. According to a witness, the pilot was planning to fly the accidentairplane to Alaska after stopping at Wichita, Kansas. The accident airplane was a Piper PA-12, serial number 12-2113. The engine was a 100-horsepower Lycoming O-235-C engine. The aircraft logbooks indicated that the last annual maintenance inspection was conducted on July 6, 2009. At the time of the inspection, the airframe total time was about 1,369 hours and the engine total time was about 1,449 hours. The logbook indicated that the previous annual maintenance inspection was conducted on March 20, 1999. At the time of that inspection, the time on the airframe was 1,365 hours and the engine time was 1,445 hours. A deputy from the Callaway County Sheriff’s department reported that as he responded to the accident notification and was driving to the accident site, he observed the weather in the area. He noted that there was heavy cloud cover and limited visibility. It had rained earlier but it was not currently raining. He observed areas with light to moderate thickness of fog, but there was no fog at the crash site. At 0854, the observed weather at COU , located about 5 miles west-southwest of the accident site, was: Wind 260 degrees at 5 knots, 1/4 mile visibility in fog, indefinite ceiling at 100 feet, temperature 17 degrees Celsius (C), dew point 17 degrees C, altimeter 29.99 inches of Mercury (Hg). At 0954, the observed weather at COU was: Wind 250 degrees at 6 knots, 1/4 mile visibility in fog, indefinite ceiling at 100 feet, temperature 17 degrees C, dew point 16 degrees C, altimeter 30.02 inches of Hg. The Surface Analysis Chart for the area near the accident site depicted a low pressure system with the cold front along the flight path and east of the accident flight. The Weather Depiction Chart depicted an area of instrument flight rules (IFR) conditions along and behind the cold front. The accident site was located in an area of IFR conditions, with the departure and planned destination airports under visual flight rules (VFR) conditions. There was no record of the pilot having obtained a formal preflight weather briefing from the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Automated Flight Service Station (AFSS) or by computer utilizing the Direct User Access Terminal System (DUATS). The airplane impacted a field at coordinates 38 degrees, 51 minutes, 39 seconds North latitude, 092 degrees, 08 minutes, 07 seconds West longitude. The airplane main wreckage was localized at the point of ground impact. The left wing was bent aft from the wing root to the wing tip, and the leading edge exhibited crushing and buckling. The outboard section of the left wingtip was deformed by crushing and bending. The right wing remained attached to the fuselage. It sustained substantial damage, but it did not exhibit bending or crushing damage to the outboard section of the wing. The empennage remained attached to the fuselage and was found crushed and buckled near the center of the main wreckage. The engine was found in a crater at the impact site. Thepropeller remained attached to the engine flange. Both propeller blades were bent aft. The flight control cables were found attached to the control surface clevises. An FAA airworthiness inspector examined the engine. He reported that the cylinders exhibited deformation of the fins from impact forces. The propeller was removed to access the crankshaft flange. The flange exhibited bending signatures. The starter ring adapter was fractured in many pieces. The top sparkplugs were removed, and they appeared worn but functional. The crankshaft was rotated, and the internal components of the engine rotated and no interference or binding was noted. The left magneto was broken off the engine. The magneto produce spark at the harness cap when rotated by hand. The carburetor was broken off of the oil sump below the mounting flange. The oil sump had a large hole in it from impact forces. An autopsy of the pilot was performed at the Boone/Callaway County Medical Examiner’s office on September 23, 2009. The “Cause of Death” was a result of “blunt trauma” injuries as a result of a small airplane crash. A Forensic Toxicology Fatal Accident Report was prepared by the FAA Civil Aeromedical Institute. The results were negative for carbon monoxide, cyanide, and ethanol. Quinine was detected in the liver and kidney.

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N3234M](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N3234M-2013-08-19), registration cancelled 2013-08-19, S/N 12-2113, built 1947 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: PIPER PA-12
- Registry model: [Piper PA-12](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-12) (registry code 7101202) (OpenAirDocs)
- Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-235 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-235-series) (registry code 41505, 4 cycle) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 12-2113
- Airframe hours: 1369
- Engines: Lycoming O-235-C 100 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Personal, Part 91
- Operator: Jared Hobaugh
- Registered owner: Dolphin Sales Inc
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: Annual, July 6, 2009
- Departed: 4MO, Montgomery City, MO

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 31; injuries: fatal; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; seat: front; toxicology performed; flight hours: 284 total, 226 as pilot in command, 29 in the last 90 days, 12 in the last 30 days, 3 in the last 24 hours

## Weather

- Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Day
- Wind: 260° at 5 knots
- Visibility: 0 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: 100 ft indefinitevv
- Temperature: 63 °F, dew point 63 °F
- Altimeter: 29.98 inHg
- Observed at: COU, 5 nm away

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 20090922018249A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20090922018249A), Sep 22, 2009: Piper PA12, Fulton, MO, Destroyed, 1 fatal. The non-instrument rated pilot flew from VMC into IMC in an airplane that did not have gyroscopic attitude or directional instruments. There were no witnesses…

## Docket (22 files)

The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 19, 2010, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=74783. 34.4 MB in all.

- Record of Interview (item 1, .PDF, 32 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326546&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Interview-Master.PDF
- Excerpts From Callaway County Sheriff's Report (item 2, .PDF, 1.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326541&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Excerpts%20From%20Callaway%20County%20Sheriff%27s%20Report-Master.PDF
- Pilot's Flight Logbook (item 3, .PDF, 14.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326542&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%27s%20Flight%20Logbook-Master.PDF
- Aircraft Logbook Entries (item 4, .PDF, 255 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326543&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Aircraft%20Logbook%20Entries-Master.PDF
- Toxicological Report (item 5, .PDF, 63 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326544&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Toxicological%20Report-Master.PDF
- Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 6, .PDF, 106 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326545&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Master.PDF
- Photo 1. View of Wreckage (FAA Photo) (item 7, .PDF, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326547&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201.%20%20View%20of%20Wreckage%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 2. View of Ground Scar and Wreckage (FAA Photo) (item 8, .PDF, 1.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326548&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202.%20%20View%20of%20Ground%20Scar%20and%20Wreckage%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 3. View of Wreckage From the Road (FAA Photo) (item 9, .PDF, 925 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326549&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%203.%20%20View%20of%20Wreckage%20From%20the%20Road%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 4. View of Wreckage (FAA Photo) (item 10, .PDF, 1.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326550&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%204.%20%20View%20of%20Wreckage%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 5. View of Cockpit and Cabi (FAA Photo) (item 11, .PDF, 1.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326551&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%205.%20%20View%20of%20Cockpit%20and%20Cabi%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 6. View of Wing (FAA Photo) (item 12, .PDF, 1.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326552&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%206.%20%20View%20of%20Wing%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 7. View of Empennage and Wing Struts (FAA Photo) (item 13, .PDF, 1.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326553&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%207.%20%20View%20of%20Empennage%20and%20Wing%20Struts%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 8. View of Fuselage and Control Cables (FAA Photo) (item 14, .PDF, 1.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326554&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%208.%20%20View%20of%20Fuselage%20and%20Control%20Cables%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 9. Propeller Blade (FAA Photo) (item 15, .PDF, 1.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326555&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%209.%20%20Propeller%20Blade%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 10. Propeller Blade (FAA Photo) (item 16, .PDF, 1.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326556&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2010.%20%20Propeller%20Blade%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 11. Carburetor (FAA Photo) (item 17, .PDF, 569 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326557&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2011.%20%20Carburetor%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 12. Engine and Propeller (FAA Photo) (item 18, .PDF, 966 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326558&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2012.%20%20Engine%20and%20Propeller%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 13. Engine and Propeller Blade (FAA Photo) (item 19, .PDF, 871 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326559&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2013.%20%20Engine%20and%20Propeller%20Blade%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 14. Propeller Flange (FAA Photo) (item 20, .PDF, 759 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326560&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2014.%20%20Propeller%20Flange%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Photo 15. Propeller Flange (FAA Photo) (item 21, .PDF, 511 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40326561&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%2015.%20%20Propeller%20Flange%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF
- Meteorology 5 - Factual Report of Group Chairman (item 22, .PDF, 2.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40328708&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Meteorology%205%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman-Master.PDF

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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