# NTSB CEN10LA046: Younkin J R Mullicoupe, N273X, Siloam Springs, AR, November 10, 2009 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: November 10, 2009, 15:00 local (21:00 UTC) - Place: Siloam Springs, AR - Coordinates: 36.191944, -94.489997 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=36.1919&lon=-94.4900&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering-aerobatics: Fuel starvation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious - Status: Completed, report December 20, 2010 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 75042 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN10LA046 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/75042/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=75042 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10LA046 ## Probable cause A loss of engine power due to fuel starvation for undetermined reasons. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Fluids: fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010): Aircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Not specified (probable cause); cases with it: [Younkin J R MULLICOUPE, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md?model=05604U0), [All aircraft, 1,695 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: altitude](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Attain/maintain not possible; cases with it: [Younkin J R MULLICOUPE, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012/cases.md?model=05604U0), [All aircraft, 1,310 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012/cases.md) - [Object/animal/substance: wire](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022032): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Effect on equipment; cases with it: [Younkin J R MULLICOUPE, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022032/cases.md?model=05604U0), [All aircraft, 588 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022032/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering-aerobatics: Fuel starvation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191) (defining event); cases with it: [Younkin J R MULLICOUPE, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191/sequence.md?model=05604U0), [All aircraft, 733 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191/sequence.md) - [Maneuvering-aerobatics: Engine shutdown](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/140); cases with it: [Younkin J R MULLICOUPE, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/140/sequence.md?model=05604U0), [All aircraft, 80 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/140/sequence.md) - [Emergency descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Younkin J R MULLICOUPE, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=05604U0), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot was performing aerobatics in an experimental airplane when the engine quit. The pilot attempted an emergency landing in a field but hit an unseen power line. The airplane lost control, impacted terrain and cartwheeled, causing substantial damage to the engine compartment, wings, aft fuselage and forward portion of upper cabin area. The pilot and the owner both told investigators that the engine quit due to fuel starvation to the engine caused by a vacuum created in the header tank. Investigators were unable to verify the configuration of the fuel system due to postaccident actions performed by the owner and the lack of information provided by the owner. ## Factual narrative On November 10, 2009, about 1545 central standard time, a Younkin Mullicoupe experimental airplane, N273X, sustained substantial damage following a forced landing near Smith Field Airport (SLG), Siloam Springs, Arkansas. The commercial pilot received serious injuries. The personal flight was being conducted under provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91, without a flight plan. The local flight originated at SLG about 1530. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. According to the owner, the pilot told him he was practicing aerobatic maneuvers and was performing a reverse Cuban 8 maneuver when the engine quit. The pilot confirmed he was performing aerobatics, but without a lot of G-loading on the airplane during the maneuvers. After the engine quit he performed an emergency landing to a field. During the approach to land he struck an unseen power line and the airplane cart-wheeled to a stop in the field A Federal Aviation Administration inspector examined the airplane on the day of the accident and found three of the four wings and the empennage separated from the airplane. Both left and right wing fuel tanks were found intact. Fuel was found in the left wing tank, the right wing tank was empty, and the fuel selector was found in the right position. The inspector could not examine the entire fuel system on the day of the accident due to the position of the wreckage. Permission was given to the owner to move the airplane, but told not to conduct any maintenance on the airplane until after the FAA inspector had another opportunity to look at the airplane after it had been moved. When the inspector arrived to examine the airplane the day after the accident he found the airplane had been partially disassembled, switches and controls had been manipulated, and the fuel tanks had been drained. The owner/builder of the airplane said there was a header tank installed in the airplane, which was designed by the owner to maintain fuel to the engine during aerobatics. In addition to the header tank, there were left and right wing tanks, front and aft body tanks, and an auxiliary tank. Both the pilot and the owner thought a vacuum had been created within the header tank, and that there was inadequate venting, which caused fuel starvation, and that was why the engine quite running. The pilot said during post accident examination there was fuel in both body tanks. He thought there were about 15 gallons in the front tank and about 25 gallons in the rear tank. Requests for a copy of the fuel system schematic were unanswered by the owner and the investigator was unable to verify the proper fuel burn sequence or the configuration of the fuel system at the time of the accident due to the post accident manipulation of the wreckage. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N273X](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N273X), registered now, S/N JRY-03-1, built 1997 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Younkin J R Mullicoupe - Registry model: [Younkin J R MULLICOUPE](https://openairdocs.org/model/younkin-j-r-mullicoupe) (registry code 05604U0) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Pratt & Whitney R-985 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/pratt-whitney-r-985-series) (registry code 52008, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane, amateur-built - Serial number: 03-1 - Airframe hours: 334 - Engines: Pratt & Whitney R985 reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Last inspection: Condition, March 10, 2009 - Departed: SLG, Siloam Springs, AR - Destination: SLG, Siloam Springs, AR - Airport: SLG, Smith Field Airport ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 28; injuries: serious; commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, without waivers/limitations; last flight review August 5, 2009; seat: left; flight hours: 2,100 total, 30 in this make and model, 1,700 as pilot in command, 30 in the last 90 days, 10 in the last 30 days, 0 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 180° at 10 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 70 °F - Observed at: SLG ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20091110021359A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20091110021359A), Nov 10, 2009: Amtr MULLICOUPE, Siloam Springs, AR, Substantial damage. On November 10, 2009, at 13:30 CST a younkin Mullicoupe experimental, N273X, register to jr younkin took off from Siloam spring airport (kslg) in Siloam spring… ## Docket (3 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 16, 2010, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=75042. 747 KB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 637 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40333912&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Witness Statement-Owner (item 2, .PDF, 55 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40333914&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statement-Owner-Redacted.PDF - Witness Statement-Pilot (item 3, .PDF, 55 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40333915&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statement-Pilot-Redacted.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.