# NTSB CEN11CA004: Cessna 172N, N2140E, Wabash, IN, October 1, 2010 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: October 1, 2010, 18:30 local (22:30 UTC) - Place: Wabash, IN - Coordinates: 40.761943, -85.798614 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=40.7619&lon=-85.7986&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing: Landing area overshoot](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report March 16, 2011 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 77493 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN11CA004 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/77493/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=77493 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN11CA004 ## Probable cause The student pilot's failure to maintain proper airspeed during the landing and certificated flight instructor's failure to execute a go-around. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172N, 19 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md?model=2072434), [All aircraft, 1,681 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md) - [Info processing/decision: decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172N, 41 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md?model=2072434), [All aircraft, 3,098 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing: Landing area overshoot](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 172N, 10 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380/sequence.md?model=2072434), [All aircraft, 400 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Cessna 172N, 134 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=2072434), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The certificated flight instructor (CFI) and student had been practicing touch-and-go landings and were planning a full-stop landing. The airplane touched down on the grass airstrip slightly faster than normal and approximately 100 feet beyond the approach end of the runway. The CFI took authority of the airplane's controls and applied brakes. As the airplane approached the end of the runway, the CFI applied left rudder to avoid a ditch in front of the airplane. Subsequently, the right main landing gear went into the ditch and the airplane flipped over. Postaccident examination of the airplane revealed that the vertical stabilizer and rudder were bent. The CFI reported that there were no preimpact mechanical anomalies with the airplane. He further stated that they should have landed on the adjacent asphalt runway or performed a go-around after overshooting the final approach leg during the landing. ## Factual narrative The flight instructor and student had been practicing touch and go landings. During the attempted full stop landing to runway 36 (1,938 feet long by 50 feet wide, turf), the airplane touched down with "slight extra speed" approximately 100 feet beyond the approach end of the runway. The flight instructor then took the airplane controls and applied brakes; however, there was "no friction on the mowed dry grass." As the airplane approached the end of the runway, the instructor applied left rudder to avoid a ditch in front of the airplane. Subsequently, the right main landing gear went into the ditch and the airplane flipped over. Examination of the airplane revealed the vertical stabilizer and rudder were bent. No mechanical anomalies were reported with the airplane prior to the accident. The instructor reported they should have landed on the adjacent asphalt runway or performed a go-around after "over-shooting final" during the landing. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N2140E](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N2140E-2012-08-23), registration cancelled 2012-08-23, S/N 17271168, built 1978 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 172N - Registry model: [Cessna 172N](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172n) (registry code 2072434) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17271168 - Airframe hours: 12701 - Engines: LYCOMING O-320 SERIES 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, January 12, 2010 - Departed: IWH, Wabash, IN - Destination: IWH, Wabash, IN - Airport: IWH, Wabash Municipal Airport, runway 36, 1,938 × 50 ft, grass/turf ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Flight instructor; age 74; injuries: none; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; last flight review September 25, 2009; seat: right; flight hours: 9,240 total, 3,000 in this make and model, 8,925 as pilot in command, 50 in the last 90 days, 16 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours - Student pilot; age 60; injuries: none; student; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; seat: left; flight hours: 7 total, 7 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 350° at 12 knots - Visibility: 30 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 64 °F, dew point 55 °F - Altimeter: 30.00 inHg ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20101001046039A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20101001046039A), Oct 1, 2010: Cessna 172N, Wabash, IN, Substantial damage. On 10/1/2010 at 1830 a Cessna 172 at Wabash in (iwh) N2140E was involved in a accident with a student and flight instructor on board. Aircraft landed at 1/3 or… ## Other investigations on N2140E (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB LAX82FUD02](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX82FUD02), Nov 8, 1981: Cessna 172N (N2140E), Santa Monica, CA, substantial damage ## Docket (1 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 2, 2010, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=77493. 511 KB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 511 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40338324&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.