# NTSB CEN11CA100: Cessna 172S, N99HV, Lawrence, KS, December 7, 2010 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: December 7, 2010, 12:30 local (18:30 UTC) - Place: Lawrence, KS - Coordinates: 39.011112, -95.216392 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=39.0111&lon=-95.2164&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing-flare/touchdown: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report May 16, 2011 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 77965 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN11CA100 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/77965/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=77965 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN11CA100 ## Probable cause The student pilot’s non-stabilized approach and improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Action: incorrect action sequence](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041020): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Student/instructed pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041020/cases.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 77 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041020/cases.md) - [Info processing/decision: decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Student/instructed pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 41 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 3,098 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Approach-VFR pattern final: Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 28 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 1,556 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md) - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 102 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 2,102 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md) ## Analysis During the student pilot’s second solo landing of the day, he realized that the airplane was too high and fast; however, he elected to continue the approach. On touchdown the airplane landed nosewheel first, bounced back into the air, and then settled back to the runway. An examination of the airplane following the accident revealed that the airplane’s firewall sustained substantial damage during the hard landing. The student pilot reported no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative On the student pilot’s second solo landing of the day, he realized that the airplane was too high and fast; however, he elected to continue the approach. On touchdown the airplane landed nosewheel first, bounced back into the air, and then settled back to the runway. The student pilot was able to taxi the airplane to the ramp. An examination of the airplane following the accident revealed that the airplane’s firewall sustained substantial damage during the hard landing. The student pilot reported no pre-impact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N99HV](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N99HV), registered now, S/N 172S10090, built 2005 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 172S - Registry model: [Cessna 172S](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172s) (registry code 2072439) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming IO-360-L2A](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-io-360-l2a) (registry code 41597, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 172S10090 - Airframe hours: 3093 - Engines: LYCOMING IO-360-L2A 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Hetrick Air Services INC - Registered owner: Hespervolita Inc - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Unknown, April 6, 2010 - Departed: LWC, LAWRENCE, KS - Destination: LWC, LAWRENCE, KS - Airport: LWC, Lawrence Municipal, runway 01, 3,901 × 75 ft, concrete ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 45; injuries: none; student; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; seat: left; flight hours: 73 total, 38 in this make and model, 7 as pilot in command, 2 in the last 90 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 32 °F - Altimeter: 30.29 inHg ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20101207055259A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20101207055259A), Dec 7, 2010: Cessna 172S, Lawrence, KS, Substantial damage. On December 7th, 2010, at approximately 1230 pm local time, a student pilot was involved in an aircraft accident resulting from a hard touchdown, while landing… ## Other investigations on N99HV (3) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB CEN21LA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN21LA066), Nov 20, 2020: Cessna 172 (N99HV), Lawrence, KS, substantial damage. Probable cause: The student pilot’s improper landing flare/touchdown which resulted in a hard landing. - [NTSB GAA17CA351](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA17CA351), Jun 10, 2017: Cessna 172 (N99HV), Lawrence, KS, substantial damage. Probable cause: The student pilot's incorrect control application during landing after a simulated engine failure, which resulted in a hard, bounced landing, and the flight instructor's delayed action to perform a… - [NTSB CEN10CA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10CA163), Mar 10, 2010: Cessna 172S (N99HV), Lawrence, KS, substantial damage. Probable cause: The student pilot's failure to maintain an appropriate glide path during approach. Contributing to the accident was the student pilot's decision to continue the approach instead of going around. ## Docket (2 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on February 9, 2011, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=77965. 7.1 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 6.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40342871&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Photo 1 (item 2, .PDF, 201 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40343022&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.