# NTSB CEN13LA057: Cessna T182T, N856DK, San Antonio, TX, November 13, 2012

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report
- Date: November 12, 2012, 18:20 local (Nov 13, 2012, 00:20 UTC)
- Place: San Antonio, TX
- Coordinates: 29.532777, -98.463607 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=29.5328&lon=-98.4636&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Defining event: [Landing-landing roll: Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230)
- Highest injury: No injuries
- Injuries: 2 uninjured
- Status: Completed, report March 13, 2013
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- NTSB office: Central Region
- Parties: FAA Flight Standards District Office
- NTSB case key (mKey): 85590
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN13LA057
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/85590/pdf
- NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=85590
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN13LA057

## Probable cause

The pilot’s misjudgment of the landing speed and the runway distance remaining and his delay in applying the brakes, which resulted in an overrun.

## Findings

NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause.

- [Info processing/decision: decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 7 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 3,098 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md)
- [Action: delayed action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 894 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md)

## Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened.

- [Landing-landing roll: Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 4,585 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md)
- [Landing-landing roll: Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 12 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 3,643 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md)
- [Landing-landing roll: Nose over/nose down](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 2,287 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096/sequence.md)

## Analysis

The pilot said that as the airplane touched down on runway 12, he felt turbulence and a tailwind and applied brakes. When the pilot realized that he could not stop the airplane before the end of the runway, he applied more brake pressure. However, the airplane went off the end of the runway, crossed a perpendicular taxiway, and traveled across a grassy median before it came to a stop just short of another runway. The mechanic who retrieved the airplane reported that he had to loosen the brake pads to allow the wheels to roll; he noted that it was not uncommon for an airplane’s brakes to lock up after heavy braking due to the high heat generated during heavy brake application. Postaccident examination revealed no evidence of preaccident brake malfunction or anomaly that would have precluded normal operation. The asphalt runway was 5,519 feet long, 100 feet wide, and dry.

## Factual narrative

On November 12, 2012, about 1820 central standard time, a Cessna T182T, N856DK, overran runway 12L and nosed over at San Antonio International Airport (KSAT), San Antonio, Texas. The pilot and passenger were not injured. The airplane was substantially damaged. The airplane was registered to Wells Fargo Bank Northwest NA, Trustee, Salt Lake City, Utah, and operated by the pilot, Monterey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The personal flight was being conducted under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident, and a visual flight rules flight plan had been filed and activated. The cross-country flight originated from Aeropuerto del Norte International Airport (MMAN), Monterey, Nuevo León, México, about 1630, and was destined for KSAT. The following information is based on the pilot's accident report and what he told a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector. The airplane was cleared to land on runway 12L and touched down 100 to 150 feet past the runway threshold. The pilot felt turbulence and a tailwind, and applied brakes. He saw the end of the runway coming up and realized he could not stop, so he applied more brake pressure. The airplane went off the end of the runway, crossed a 100-foot wide perpendicular taxiway, and traveled in the median grass for about 100 to 150 feet, collapsing the nose gear. It came to rest a just short of another runway. Runway 12L is asphalt, 5,519 feet long, 100 feet wide, and was dry at the time of the accident. According to the FAA inspector, the airplane went off the end if the runway, crossed a 100-foot perpendicular taxiway, and traveled through a grass median for about 100 to 150 feet, coming to rest just short of another runway. A mechanic had to loosen the brake pads to allow the wheels to roll. He saw no evidence of a brake malfunction. A special weather observation made after the accident recorded the wind at 030 degrees at 6 knots.

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N856DK](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N856DK), registered now, S/N T18208439 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: CESSNA T182T
- Registry model: [Cessna T182T](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-t182t) (registry code 2072738) (OpenAirDocs)
- Registry engine: [Lycoming TI0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-ti0-540-series) (registry code 41533, turbo-prop) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: T18208439
- Engines: Lycoming TIO-540-AK1A 235 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Personal, Part 91
- Operator: Octavio Perez
- Registered owner: Wells Fargo Bank Northwest NA, Trustee
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Departed: MMAN, Monterey
- Destination: KSAT, San Antonio, TX
- Flight plan: VFR
- Airport: KSAT, San Antonio Internationsal, runway 12L, 5,519 × 100 ft, asphalt

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Pilot; age 24; injuries: none; commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; seat: left; flight hours: 855 total, 36 in this make and model, 785 as pilot in command, 26 in the last 90 days, 26 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day
- Wind: 30° at 6 knots
- Visibility: 10 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: none
- Temperature: 54 °F, dew point 28 °F
- Altimeter: 30.40 inHg
- Observed at: KSAT

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 20121112025759A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20121112025759A), Nov 12, 2012: Cessna T182T, San Antonio, TX, Substantial damage. During landing rollout on the 5519' rwy the aircraft ran off the departure end of the runway damaging firewall, rt wingtip and structure.

## Docket (8 files)

The files NTSB released with the investigation on January 7, 2013, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=85590. 2.3 MB in all.

- NTSB Form 6120.1-2, Pilot Operator Aircraft Accident Report (item 1, .PDF, 1.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40382424&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=NTSB%20Form%206120.1-2,%20Pilot%20Operator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report-Redacted.PDF
- FAA Notes on Pilot's Statement (item 2, .PDF, 14 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40382150&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FAA%20Notes%20on%20Pilot%27s%20Statement-Redacted.PDF
- FAA Notes on Mechanic's Statement (item 3, .PDF, 15 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40382151&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FAA%20Notes%20on%20Mechanic%27s%20Statement-Redacted.PDF
- Airport Diagram (item 4, .PDF, 179 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40382153&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Airport%20Diagram-Master.PDF
- Weather Reports and Records (item 5, .PDF, 51 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40382425&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Weather%20Reports%20and%20Records-Master.PDF
- Photo 1 - The departure end of runway 12L and grass median. Runway 04-22 is in background. (item 6, .PDF, 37 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40382472&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201%20-%20The%20departure%20end%20of%20runway%2012L%20and%20grass%20median.%20Runway%2004-22%20is%20in%20background.-Master.PDF
- Photo 2 - Close-up view of the departure end of runway 12L. Note scrape marks and ground furrows. (item 7, .PDF, 44 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40382473&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202%20-%20Close-up%20view%20of%20the%20departure%20end%20of%20runway%2012L.%20Note%20scrape%20marks%20and%20ground%20furrows.-Master.PDF
- Photo 3 - Collapse of the nose gear buckled the firewall. (item 8, .PDF, 42 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40382483&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%203%20-%20Collapse%20of%20the%20nose%20gear%20buckled%20the%20firewall.-Master.PDF

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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