# NTSB CEN14CA187: Cessna 172, N510ND, Larimore, ND, April 5, 2014 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: April 5, 2014, 13:30 local (18:30 UTC) - Place: Larimore, ND - Coordinates: 47.906944, -97.640556 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=47.9069&lon=-97.6406&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Takeoff](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/300) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Takeoff: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report April 23, 2014 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: FAA Flight Standards District Office - NTSB case key (mKey): 89015 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN14CA187 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/89015/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=89015 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN14CA187 ## Probable cause Failure of the pilot to attain and maintain sufficient control inputs to compensate for the crosswind. Contributing to the accident was the flight instructor's failure to adequately monitor the pilot and the flight. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Action: incorrect action performance](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 32 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015/cases.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 1,386 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: crosswind correction](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062030): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062030/cases.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 184 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062030/cases.md) - [Attention/monitoring: task monitoring/vigilance](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021520): Personnel issues › Psychological · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 8 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021520/cases.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 330 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021520/cases.md) - [Wind: crosswind](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034040): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Response/compensation; cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 18 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034040/cases.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 1,008 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034040/cases.md) - [Object/animal/substance: snow/ice](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022060): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022060/cases.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 67 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022060/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Takeoff: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 49 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 5,002 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md) - [Takeoff: Attempted remediation/recovery](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 22 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060/sequence.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 1,422 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060/sequence.md) - [Takeoff: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 77 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 1,506 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md) - [Takeoff: Nose over/nose down](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096); cases with it: [Cessna 172S, 34 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096/sequence.md?model=2072439), [All aircraft, 2,287 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096/sequence.md) ## Analysis The wind was from the southwest at 6 to 10 knots when the pilot began a soft-field takeoff on runway 12. The airplane lifted off the ground and drifted rapidly towards the left side of the runway. Because of the nose high attitude, the instructor was unaware how close the airplane was to the runway edge. The pilot attempted to correct, but the left wheel contacted the snow bank unevenly and the airplane nosed over. ## Factual narrative The flight instructor and a private pilot were practicing takeoffs and landings on runway 12 (2,800 feet x 50 feet). The wind was from the southwest at 6 to 10 knots, resulting in a right crosswind. Although the runway was dry, there were layers of snow on both sides, 6 to 12 inches deep. After making different types of takeoffs and landings, a soft field takeoff was attempted. The brakes were held and full power was applied. After brake release, the pilot brought the nose up to try and lift off in ground effect. The high nose attitude prevented either pilot from seeing straight down the runway and right aileron was applied to correct for the right crosswind. The airplane lifted off the ground and drifted rapidly towards the left side of the runway. The instructor said he didn't realize how close they were to the runway edge. The pilot said he attempted to correct, but the left wheel contacted the snow bank and he reduced the power to idle. The airplane skidded unevenly in the snow and nosed over. Both wing upper skins and wing tips were buckled, the right lift strut and the lower aft empennage were bent. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N510ND](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N510ND), registered now, S/N 172S10952, built 2010 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 172 (S) - Registry model: [Cessna 172S](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172s) (registry code 2072439) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming IO-360-L2A](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-io-360-l2a) (registry code 41597, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 172S10952 - Year built: 2009 - Airframe hours: 3605 - Engines: Lycoming IO-360-L2A 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: University of North Dakota Aerospace Foundation - Registered owner: University of North Dakota Aerospace Foundation - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: AAIP, April 4, 2014 - Departed: KGFK, Grand Forks, ND - Destination: KGFK, Grand Forks, ND - Airport: 2L1, Larimore Municipal Airport, runway 12, 2,800 × 50 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Stall warning system ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Flight instructor; age 22; injuries: none; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; last flight review February 5, 2013; seat: right; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 366 total, 160 in this make and model, 62 as pilot in command, 22 in the last 90 days, 4 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours - Student pilot; age 29; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review January 23, 2014; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 94 total, 94 in this make and model, 13 as pilot in command, 35 in the last 90 days, 12 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 210° at 7 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 10,000 ft broken - Temperature: 39 °F, dew point 30 °F - Altimeter: 29.82 inHg - Observed at: KRDR ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20140405004229A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20140405004229A), Apr 5, 2014: Cessna 172S, Larimore, ND, Substantial damage. During takeoff roll the airplane exited the runway and overturned. ## Docket (2 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on April 21, 2014, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=89015. 5.3 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 4.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40411373&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Pilot Statement (item 2, .PDF, 666 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40411374&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20Statement-Redacted.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.