# NTSB CEN14LA487: Robinson Helicopter R44 II, N699TQ, Macedonia, IA, September 6, 2014 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: September 6, 2014, 12:07 local (17:07 UTC) - Place: Macedonia, IA - Coordinates: 41.182498, -95.535552 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=41.1825&lon=-95.5356&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Low altitude operation/event](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/220) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed, report September 24, 2015 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 90041 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN14LA487 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/90041/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=90041 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN14LA487 ## Probable cause The pilot’s inadequate visual lookout, which resulted in a collision with a static line. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: altitude](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Robinson Helicopter R44 II, 39 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012/cases.md?model=7640122), [All aircraft, 1,310 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012/cases.md) - [Attention/monitoring: monitoring environment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021545): Personnel issues › Psychological · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Robinson Helicopter R44 II, 29 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021545/cases.md?model=7640122), [All aircraft, 809 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021545/cases.md) - [Info processing/decision: identification/recognition](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Robinson Helicopter R44 II, 10 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510/cases.md?model=7640122), [All aircraft, 559 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510/cases.md) - [Object/animal/substance: wire](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022032): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Awareness of condition (probable cause); cases with it: [Robinson Helicopter R44 II, 26 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022032/cases.md?model=7640122), [All aircraft, 588 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022032/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Low altitude operation/event](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/220) (defining event); cases with it: [Robinson Helicopter R44 II, 45 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/220/sequence.md?model=7640122), [All aircraft, 780 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/220/sequence.md) - [Maneuvering: Controlled flight into terr/obj (CFIT)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120); cases with it: [Robinson Helicopter R44 II, 12 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120/sequence.md?model=7640122), [All aircraft, 1,074 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot was conducting agricultural spray operations in a helicopter. He had sprayed three fields earlier in the day and was en route to the next field when the accident occurred. Witnesses reported observing the helicopter heading north and then colliding with a suspended static line. The helicopter subsequently pitched up, descended, and impacted terrain. Larger transmission lines were located above the smaller static lines. A witness who was about 1/4 mile from the accident site stated that he could see the larger transmission lines but that he did not see the smaller static lines until the helicopter struck one of them. He also stated that it did not appear that the pilot took any evasive action to avoid the line. A postaccident examination of the helicopter did not reveal any anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative DynaNav DynaFlight AirAg-E The helicopter was equipped with a DynaNav DynaFlight AirAg-E, which was a GPS based guidance and mapping system that aided in the application of seeds, fertilizers, and chemicals to a treatment area. Data was recorded and stored on a compact flash drive inside the device and could be transferred via the USB port. The data was sampled at 10 times per second but not stored at that rate. The storage rate was determined by an algorithm based on the dynamics of the helicopter. Upon arrival at the NTSB Vehicle Recorder Laboratory, an exterior examination revealed that the unit had sustained moderate impact damage from the accident. The compact flash card read out normally and the data was extracted. The read out resulted in a file which was converted to a Google Earth file using manufacturer's software. The data extracted included 23 sessions from June 7, 2013, through September 6, 2014. The accident flight was recorded starting 17:03:12 universal coordinated time (UTC) and ending 17:07:19 UTC on September 6, 2014. The data showed the helicopter moving northeast at the beginning of the flight, then moving further to the west as the last data point was captured. During the flight, crops were sprayed in certain areas and then the pilot proceeded to the north. The data revealed that the helicopter was flying between 1,142 ft and 1,342 ft MSL during the operation. Due to buffering, the data recording may have ended before the accident event. The final recorded points showed the helicopter headed north and in a slight descent from the last recorded point at 1,255 ft MSL; about 88 ft above the ground. The GPS report and tabular data can be found in the docket associated with this accident report. The aircraft was a Robinson R44 II single engine light helicopter with a skid landing gear. It was manufactured in 2004. The helicopter had a semi-rigid two-bladed main rotor system and a two-bladed tail rotor which were driven by a 205-horsepower Lycoming IO-540 reciprocating engine. The engine had accumulated 308 total hours and 2 hours since the last inspection. On August 25, 2014, a 100-hour inspection was completed at an airframe total time of 1,183 hours. The helicopter was outfitted for agricultural spray operations. On September 6, 2014, at 1207 central daylight time, a Robinson R44 II helicopter, N699TQ, impacted a suspended static line near Macedonia, Iowa. The pilot was fatally injured and the helicopter was destroyed. The helicopter was registered to Mills County Choppers, Inc. and operated by Johnson Helicopter Services under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 137 as an aerial application flight. Day visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident and no flight plan was filed. The local flight originated at an unknown time. A witness, who was about ½ mile from the accident site, reported he heard the helicopter prior to seeing it. He added that the helicopter was flying north,continued into the suspended lines, pitched up and then descended toward the ground. He observed fuel leaking from the helicopter at the accident site. Another witness, who was about ¼ mile away, stated that the helicopter was flying north at a height above the larger transmission lines and it did not appear that the pilot made any evasive action to avoid the lines. From his location he could not see the smaller static line until the helicopter contacted it. He then observed the static line stretch to the north with the helicopter until it broke and the helicopter impacted the ground. There were no sparks or fire observed during the impact. He did not hear any unusual sounds from the helicopter's engine until the wire strike, and then it sounded like a "lawn mower going over a rock." Power line maintenance employees stated that at the time of the accident the larger transmission lines were not energized. The smaller line that was struck by the helicopter was referred to as a static line and did not transmit electrical current. It was composed of seven strands of high strength steel and measured 3/8 inch thick. The tower structures that suspended the lines were 111 feet tall and were 1,650 feet apart. The estimated distance between the higher static lines and the lower transmission lines was 25 feet. According to the pilot's spraying partner, they intended to spray from 1100 to 1800. The partner, the accident pilot, and the operator all sat together and completed paperwork for about two hours in preparation for the spaying they intended to accomplish that day. He stated that the field sprayed by the pilot prior to the accident was the fourth field of the day. Prior to that spray flight, he loaded the helicopter with 30 gallons of applicant and filled it with fuel. He stated that everything was going well that day and the pilot did not mention any issues with the helicopter. He drove about 17 miles (30 minutes) to meet the pilot at the next location; the helicopter had already crashed when he arrived. He had worked with the pilot for 3 years and stated it was strange that there was no radio communication during the drive to the next location. A GPS receiver was recovered from the accident site and was sent to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Vehicle Recorder Laboratory for download. The pilot initially survived the accident and was hospitalized; however, on September 11, 2014, the pilot died as a result of the injuries sustained in the accident. On September 13, 2014, an autopsy was performed at the Douglas County Morgue, Omaha, Nebraska. The cause of death was attributed to multiple blunt force injuries to the chest and abdomen. On October 29, 2014, the FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute completed a final forensic toxicology fatal accident report on the specimens from the pilot; the toxicology was negative. At 1215, the automated weather observation at the Council Bluffs Municipal Airport (CBF), located 11 miles west-northwestof the accident site reported: wind from 080° at 4 knots; visibility 10 miles; sky condition clear; temperature 66° F; dew point 50° F; and barometric pressure 30.30 inches of mercury. The pilot, age 26, held a commercial pilot certificate with ratings for rotorcraft-helicopter and instrument helicopter. He also held a flight instructor certificate for the same. On February 27, 2014, the pilot was issued a first class Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) medical certificate with no limitations. On the application for the medical certificate, he reported his flight experience as 1,500 total flight hours and 100 hours in the preceding six months. According to the operator, the pilot's flight experience included over 1,522 total rotorcraft flight hours and over 1,084 hours in the accident helicopter make and model. The pilot had accumulated over 109 hours in the preceding 90 days and over 20 hours in the preceding 30 days, all of which were in the accident helicopter make and model. The responding FAA inspector examined the wreckage, which was located at GPS coordinates 41° 10' 57.2" N / 95° 32' 07.3" W, and at an elevation of 1,202 ft mean sea level (MSL). The accident area consisted of a group of multiple cultivated agricultural fields in one mile squares. The fields were terraced and had descending slopes from west to east. Several power lines ran east to west and intersected the intended spray field and the field that contained the wreckage. The power lines were mounted on 111-ft tall metal towers and consisted of three larger transmission lines beneath two static lines. The lines slightly drooped down between each tower. Due to the slight droop, the actual height of the static line prior to the accident was unknown. The northern static line was found broken and lying on the ground; the other lines appeared intact. The broken static line exhibited signatures consistent with tension overload. The distance from the lines to the accident site was 240 ft on a north heading. The main wreckage consisted of the helicopter fuselage, tail boom and tail rotor system. The main rotor system was separated from the helicopter and came to rest about 75 feet north of the main wreckage. The main rotor blades were damaged, but generally straight. One main rotor blade contained a distinct cut near the blade hub. The cut began on the leading edge and extended inboard toward the blade hub. The FAA inspector also examined the helicopter wreckage after it was removed from the field and relocated to the owner's farm. The helicopter showed evidence of multiple structural failures, which was consistent with impact with a wire and terrain. The passenger area was damaged and significantly compressed. The engine compartment was also damaged and compressed. The tail boom remained attached, but was bent toward the nose of the helicopter to facilitate the wreckage transport. Flight control continuity could not be confirmed due to the extensive damage. The application storagetank was broken open. The instrument panel showed impact damage, but remained intact. The Kollsman window in the altimeter read 29.94. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N699TQ](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N699TQ-2018-03-02), registration cancelled 2018-03-02, S/N 10385, built 2004 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: ROBINSON HELICOPTER COMPANY R44 II - Registry model: [Robinson Helicopter R44 II](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r44-ii) (registry code 7640122) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming IO-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-io-540-series) (registry code 41530, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Helicopter - Serial number: 10385 - Year built: 2004 - Airframe hours: 1183.4 - Engines: LYCOMING IO-540 AE1A5 205 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Aerial application, Part 137 - Operator: Johnson Helicopter Services - Registered owner: Mills County Choppers Inc - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, August 25, 2014, 2 hours before - Departed: RDK, RED OAK, IA - Destination: RDK, RED OAK, IA - Flight plan: Unknown - Equipment: Data recorder ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 26; injuries: fatal; commercial, flight instructor; instrument ratings: helicopter; medical: class 1, without waivers/limitations; last flight review May 5, 2013; seat: right; restraint: 3-point; toxicology performed; flight hours: 1,522 total, 1,084 in this make and model, 1,522 as pilot in command, 109 in the last 90 days, 20 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 80° at 4 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 66 °F, dew point 50 °F - Altimeter: 30.29 inHg - Observed at: KCBF, 11 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20140906017329A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20140906017329A), Sep 6, 2014: Robinson Helicopter Company R44 II, Macednia, IA, Destroyed, 1 fatal. Witnesses observed helicopter enter the area flying north over the agricultural fields and towards the power lines. One witness stated the helicopter flew… ## Docket (16 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 28, 2015, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=90041. 6.0 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 1.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431233&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - FAA Inspector’s Statement (item 2, .PDF, 286 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431234&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FAA%20Inspector%E2%80%99s%20Statement-Master.PDF - FAA Emails (item 3, .PDF, 155 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431235&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FAA%20Emails-Redacted.PDF - Witness Statements (item 4, .PDF, 827 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431236&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statements-Redacted.PDF - GPS Specialist’s Factual Report (item 5, .PDF, 569 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431237&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=GPS%20Specialist%E2%80%99s%20Factual%20Report-Master.PDF - Attachment 1 - GPS Tabular Data (item 6, .PDF, 55 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431238&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Attachment%201%20-%20GPS%20Tabular%20Data-Master.PDF - Toxicological Report (item 7, .PDF, 136 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431241&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Toxicological%20Report-Master.PDF - Evidence Control Form – GPS (item 8, .PDF, 157 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431243&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Evidence%20Control%20Form%20%E2%80%93%20GPS%09-Redacted.PDF - Google Earth aerial images of the accident area. The main wreckage area is labeled. The power lines are designated by a yellow line that runs east-west. The estimated flight path of the helicopter is designated by a white line that generally runs north. (item 9, .PDF, 464 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431246&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Google%20Earth%20aerial%20images%20of%20the%20accident%20area.%20The%20main%20wreckage%20area%20is%20labeled.%20The%20power%20lines%20are%20designated%20by%20a%20yellow%20line%20that%20runs%20east-west.%20The%20estimated%20flight%20path%20of%20the%20helicopter%20is%20designated%20by%20a%20white%20line%20that%20generally%20runs%20north.%0D%0A-Master.PDF - Photo 1 – View of Main Wreckage (FAA Photo) (item 10, .PDF, 251 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431247&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201%20%E2%80%93%20View%20of%20Main%20Wreckage%20(FAA%20Photo)%0D%0A-Master.PDF - Photo 2 – Close View of Main Wreckage (FAA Photo) (item 11, .PDF, 236 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431248&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202%20%E2%80%93%20Close%20View%20of%20Main%20Wreckage%20(FAA%20Photo)%0D%0A-Master.PDF - Photo 3 – Suspended Power Lines (FAA Photo) (item 12, .PDF, 272 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431249&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%203%20%E2%80%93%20Suspended%20Power%20Lines%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF - Photo 4 – Main Rotor Blade Wire Strike (FAA Photo) (item 13, .PDF, 295 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431250&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%204%20%E2%80%93%20Main%20Rotor%20Blade%20Wire%20Strike%20(FAA%20Photo)-Master.PDF - Photo 5 – Helicopter Instrument Panel (FAA Photo) (item 14, .PDF, 153 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431251&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%205%20%E2%80%93%20Helicopter%20Instrument%20Panel%20(FAA%20Photo)%0D%0A-Master.PDF - Photo 6 – Broken Static Line – East End (FAA Photo) (item 15, .PDF, 144 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431252&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%206%20%E2%80%93%20Broken%20Static%20Line%20%E2%80%93%20East%20End%20(FAA%20Photo)%0D%0A-Master.PDF - Photo 7 – Broken Static Line – West End (FAA Photo) (item 16, .PDF, 149 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40431253&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%207%20%E2%80%93%20Broken%20Static%20Line%20%E2%80%93%20West%20End%20(FAA%20Photo)%0D%0A-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.