# NTSB CEN15CA049: Cessna 210, N8219M, Kalamazoo, MI, October 24, 2014 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: October 24, 2014, 17:50 local (22:50 UTC) - Place: Kalamazoo, MI - Coordinates: 42.225276, -85.548332 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=42.2253&lon=-85.5483&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing: Landing gear not configured](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/095) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report August 31, 2016 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 90398 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN15CA049 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/90398/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=90398 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN15CA049 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to ensure that the landing gear was fully extended in the down and locked position prior to touchdown, which resulted in the left main landing gear collapse, runway excursion, and impact with a runway exit sign. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Landing gear system: gear extension and retract sys](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023230): Aircraft › Aircraft systems · Not used/operated (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 210K, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023230/cases.md?model=2073446), [All aircraft, 416 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023230/cases.md) - [Action: forgotten action/omission](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041035): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 210K, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041035/cases.md?model=2073446), [All aircraft, 440 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041035/cases.md) - [Object/animal/substance: sign/marker](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022015): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Cessna 210K, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022015/cases.md?model=2073446), [All aircraft, 214 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022015/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing: Landing gear not configured](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/095) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 210K, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/095/sequence.md?model=2073446), [All aircraft, 584 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/095/sequence.md) - [Landing: Landing gear collapse](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094); cases with it: [Cessna 210K, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094/sequence.md?model=2073446), [All aircraft, 1,787 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094/sequence.md) - [Landing: Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300); cases with it: [Cessna 210K, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md?model=2073446), [All aircraft, 3,643 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md) - [Landing: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Cessna 210K, 5 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=2073446), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot of a retractable landing gear airplane reported that during dusk conditions, five nautical miles from the destination airport, he extended the landing gear. He further reported, that at touchdown the airplane started to shake. He allowed the airplane to slow down then applied brakes; the left main landing gear folded back into the fuselage, the airplane skidded down the runway, veered off the runway to the left, and impacted a runway exit sign. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the empennage. In a statement provided to the National Transportation Safety Board by the airplane mechanic that assisted in the recovery of the accident airplane, he reported that the accident airplane was lifted off of the surface of the runway, the left main landing gear was put into the down position and the up-lock hook which secures the landing gear in the down and locked position, "went into position with no problem." He further reported that he placed the airplane on jacks, cycled the landing gear through several cycles and the landing gear locked into position during each cycle. In the section of the National Transportation Safety Board Pilot/Operator Accident/Incident Report form titled Mechanical Malfunction/Failure, the pilot reported that during the postaccident repair of the airplane, the selector-main gear actuator (part No. 12810044) gear tooth was revealed to have been broken. According to the manufacture, the landing gear could have been extended with the broken gear actuator tooth, however once the landing gear had been extend, locked, and weight apply, the only way for the landing gear to unseat from the landing gear pocket is through a positive action by the pilot. ## Factual narrative The pilot of a retractable landing gear airplane reported that during dusk conditions, five nautical miles from the destination airport, he extended the landing gear. He further reported, that at touchdown the airplane started to shake. He allowed the airplane to slow down then applied brakes; the left main landing gear folded back into the fuselage, the airplane skidded down the runway, veered off the runway to the left, and impacted a runway exit sign. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the empennage. In a statement provided to the National Transportation Safety Board by the airplane mechanic that assisted in the recovery of the accident airplane, he reported that the accident airplane was lifted off of the surface of the runway, the left main landing gear was put into the down position and the up-lock hook which secures the landing gear in the down and locked position, "went into position with no problem." He further reported that he placed the airplane on jacks, cycled the landing gear through several cycles and the landing gear locked into position during each cycle. In the section of the National Transportation Safety Board Pilot/Operator Accident/Incident Report form titled Mechanical Malfunction/Failure, the pilot reported that during the postaccident repair of the airplane, the selector-main gear actuator (part No. 12810044) gear tooth was revealed to have been broken. According to the manufacture, the landing gear could have been extended with the broken gear actuator tooth, however once the landing gear had been extend, locked, and weight apply, the only way for the landing gear to unseat from the landing gear pocket is through a positive action by the pilot. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N8219M](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N8219M), registered now, S/N 21059219, built 1969 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 210 (K) - Registry model: [Cessna 210K](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-210k) (registry code 2073446) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental IO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-io-520-series) (registry code 17032, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 21059219 - Year built: 1969 - Engines: CONT MOTOR IO-520-L1 285 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Departed: OEB, COLDWATER, MI - Destination: AZO, Kalamazoo, MI - Airport: AZO, Kalamazoo/Battle Creek Intl, runway 35, 6,502 × 150 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Electronic multifunction display, Handheld GPS, Electronic flight bag or handheld device, Auto-pilot, Stall warning system, Onboard weather ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 65; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; last flight review September 23, 2014; seat: left; restraint: lap only; flight hours: 815.7 total, 328.2 in this make and model, 705.5 as pilot in command, 4.9 in the last 90 days, 4.9 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Dusk - Wind: 270° at 5 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Temperature: 61 °F, dew point 48 °F - Altimeter: 29.97 inHg - Observed at: KAZO, 1 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20141024022929A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20141024022929A), Oct 24, 2014: Cessna 210K, Kalamazoo, MI, Substantial damage. On touchdown rwy 35, left main gear folded causing aircraft to skid left down runway and into grassy area left of runway, striking light structure with left… ## Docket (4 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 23, 2016, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=90398. 1.1 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 784 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40443542&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Mechanic Statement (item 2, .PDF, 28 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40443543&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Mechanic%20Statement-Master.PDF - Record of Phone Conversation (Airframe Manufacturer) (item 3, .PDF, 82 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40443544&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Phone%20Conversation%20(Airframe%20Manufacturer)-Master.PDF - Accident Photo (Courtesy of Airport Manager) (item 4, .PDF, 1 photo, 165 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40443545&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Accident%20Photo%20(Courtesy%20of%20Airport%20Manager)-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.