# NTSB CEN15IA014: Raytheon Hawker, N694ES, Denver, CO, October 15, 2014 - Type: NTSB incident investigation - Classification: Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report - Date: October 15, 2014, 15:22 local (21:22 UTC) - Place: Denver, CO - Coordinates: 39.851665, -104.642219 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=39.8517&lon=-104.6422&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Takeoff](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/300) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Takeoff: Sys/Comp malf/fail (non-power)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 3 uninjured - Status: Completed, report April 26, 2016 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: Mayo Aviation, Textron Aviation, FAA - SAIBs cited in the narratives: [SAIB NM-15-24](https://openairdocs.org/saib/NM-15-24) (OpenAirDocs) - NTSB case key (mKey): 90261 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN15IA014 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/90261/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=90261 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN15IA014 ## Probable cause The failure of the main landing gear tire, which resulted in separation of the servo block and subsequent total loss of all hydraulic system pressure and prevented the landing gear from extending before landing. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Landing gear system: tire casing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023244): Aircraft › Aircraft systems · Failure (probable cause); cases with it: [Raytheon HAWKER 800XP, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023244/cases.md?model=7150012), [All aircraft, 36 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023244/cases.md) - [Landing gear system: gear extension and retract sys](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023230): Aircraft › Aircraft systems · Damaged/degraded (probable cause); cases with it: [Raytheon HAWKER 800XP, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023230/cases.md?model=7150012), [All aircraft, 416 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023230/cases.md) - [Hydraulic power system: hydraulic, main system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01022910): Aircraft › Aircraft systems · Failure; cases with it: [Raytheon HAWKER 800XP, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01022910/cases.md?model=7150012), [All aircraft, 27 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01022910/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Takeoff: Sys/Comp malf/fail (non-power)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330) (defining event); cases with it: [Raytheon HAWKER 800XP, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330/sequence.md?model=7150012), [All aircraft, 994 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330/sequence.md) - [Landing: Landing gear not configured](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/095); cases with it: [Raytheon HAWKER 800XP, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/095/sequence.md?model=7150012), [All aircraft, 584 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/095/sequence.md) - [Landing: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090); cases with it: [Raytheon HAWKER 800XP, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md?model=7150012), [All aircraft, 1,506 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md) ## Analysis The commercial pilot and the airline transport pilot were operating a business flight. According to the operator, the pilots reported that, during the takeoff roll, they felt and heard a vibration emanating from the airframe. They continued the takeoff and retracted the landing gear. Air traffic control tower personnel radioed the pilots and informed them that they had momentarily observed white smoke coming from the airplane. Shortly after, the hydraulic low pressure lights illuminated. The pilots returned to the airport but were unable to extend the landing gear normally. They subsequently attempted to extend the landing gear using the alternate gear extension procedures without success. Due to the hydraulic system malfunction, the pilots diverted to an airport with a longer runway and landed the airplane with the flaps and gear retracted. An examination of the airplane revealed that the No. 2 (inboard) tire on the left main landing gear assembly had ruptured, which resulted in the servo block separating from its actuator. The separation of the servo block resulted in the loss of both the normal and emergency hydraulic system pressures. There were no obvious signatures of cuts or foreign object damage to the tire's external layer, and no manufacturing anomalies of the tire were noted. An examination of the tire fragments revealed wrinkles on the inner liner of the tire shoulder area consistent with overdeflection. The tire could have become overdeflected if it was operated below the recommended pressure and/or if it was overloaded. According to the operator, tire pressures were checked before flight, but the pressures were not recorded; therefore, it could not be determined whether the incident tire was consistently operated at the recommended pressure. The operator was not aware of any overloaded condition of the airplane. Due to similar incidents, the airplane manufacturer had previously issued a service bulletin (SB), which recommended the installation of a landing gear jack that had improved servo block mounting hardware that would prevent separation of the servo block in the event of a tire failure. The SB recommended installing the landing gear jack with the improved hardware at the next landing gear jack replacement or overhaul; however, the airplane had not required a landing gear jack overhaul or replacement and, therefore, it did not have the improved servo block mounting hardware installed. No similar failures involving the improved mounting hardware have been reported. ## Factual narrative On October 15, 2014, about 1522 mountain daylight time, a Raytheon Aircraft Company Hawker 800XP airplane, N694ES, experienced a hydraulic malfunction and landed gear up at the Denver International Airport (DEN), Denver, Colorado. The two pilots and one crew member were not injured and the airplane received minor damage. The airplane was registered to GLO LLC and operated by Eaton Metals under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a business flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the flight, which operated on an instrument flight rules flight plan. The flight originated from Centennial Airport (APA), Englewood, Colorado, and was en route to Arnold Palmer Regional Airport (LBE), Latrobe, Pennsylvania.According to information provided by the operator, during the takeoff roll, the pilot felt and heard a vibration from the airframe. They continued the takeoff and retracted the landing gear. Personnel in the APA tower, radioed the pilot that they momentarily observed white smoke come from the airplane. A short time later, the airplane's hydraulic low pressure lights illuminated. The pilot returned to APA but was unable to lower the landing gear. The pilots attempted to extend the landing gear through the alternate gear extension procedures with no success. Due to the hydraulic system malfunction, the crew elected to divert to Denver International Airport (DEN) which had longer runways. The airplane was landed with the flaps and gear retracted on runway 34L (16,000 ft by 200 ft) at DEN. An examination of the takeoff runway at APA after the event did not find any evidence of foreign object debris (FOD). A postaccident examination of the airplane revealed that the No. 2 (inboard) tire on the left main landing gear assembly had ruptured and the servo block appeared to have separated due to impact forces. The servo block is a hydraulic shuttle valve mounted on the landing gear extend/retract actuator that allows either normal or emergency hydraulic pressure to extend/retract the landing gear actuator. The servo block and mounting bolts were sent to the NTSB laboratory in Washington, D.C. An examination of the servo block and mounting bolts found that both mounting bolts exhibited signatures consistent with mechanical overstress. The fragments of the No. 2 tire were collected and sent to Goodyear for examination under supervision of the NTSB investigator-in-charge. A visual inspection of the fragments found wrinkles on the inner liner in the tire shoulder area consistent with over-deflection. There were localized areas of melted nylon on some of the tire's inner most layers. There were no visible signatures of cuts or FOD damage to the external layer of the tire. A microscopic examination of the tire fragments also did not reveal any cut or FOD damage that could have contributed to the tire failure. No manufacturing anomalies were detected with the tire. A tire could be over-deflected if the tire was operated below therecommended pressure and/or if the tire was overloaded. According to the operator, tire pressures are checked prior to flight, but the pressures are not recorded, so it could not be determined if this tire was consistently under the recommended tire pressure. The operator was not aware of any overloaded condition the tire would have experienced previously. Damage to the servo block would result in depletion of both normal and emergency hydraulic system pressures. A similar accident involving a Hawker 600A occurred on August 17, 1999, that was investigated by the NTSB (see NTSB report LAX99FA272). As a result of that accident, Raytheon Aircraft Company recommended Service Bulletin SB 32-2777 was released to address two reports of tire disintegration during takeoff in which pieces of tire struck the main landing gear retraction actuator, resulting in separation of the servo block from the actuator. The service bulletin recommended the replacement of the main landing gear jack with a landing gear jack that has improved servo block mounting hardware for improved resistance to tire debris. It was recommended that the actuators be replaced at the next actuator overhaul (5,000 cycles) or any other time the actuator was replaced. An actuator overhaul or replacement had not been required on the accident airplane due to its 2,199 cycles and thus the incident airplane did not have the improved servo block mounting hardware. A review of the Federal Aviation Administration's Service Difficulty Report database and Textron Aviation (formly Raytheon Aircraft Company) service department records did not contain any reports of failures involving the improved mounting hardware. In addition, as a result of this accident the FAA issued Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin NM-15-24 alerting owners, operators, and maintenance technicians of the potential for damage to the servo block mounted to the main landing gear retraction actuator due to debris from tire tread separation during takeoff on affected airframes. The FAA recommended that owners, operators, and maintenance personnel of the affected airplanes follow the procedures outlined in Raytheon Aircraft Company Bulletin 32-3777, dated October 2006, at the earliest opportunity. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N694ES](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N694ES), registered now, S/N 258694, built 2004 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: RAYTHEON AIRCRAFT COMPANY HAWKER (800XP) - Registry model: [Raytheon HAWKER 800XP](https://openairdocs.org/model/raytheon-hawker-800xp) (registry code 7150012) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Honeywell TFE731-5BR](https://openairdocs.org/engine/honeywell-tfe731-5br) (registry code 33851, turbo-fan) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 258694 - Year built: 2004 - Engines: HONEYWELL TFE731-5BR 4660 lbs thrust turbo fan; HONEYWELL TFE731-5BR 4660 lbs thrust turbo fan - Damage: Minor damage - Flight: Business, Part 91 - Operator: Eaton Metals - Registered owner: Go LLC - Departed: APA, DENVER, CO - Destination: LBE, LATROBE, PA - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: DEN, Denver Intl, runway 34L, 16,000 × 200 ft, concrete ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 46; injuries: none; airline transport, commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine sea, multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, without waivers/limitations; last flight review June 21, 2014; seat: left; flight hours: 11,102 total, 1,981 in this make and model, 110 in the last 90 days - Co-pilot; age 52; injuries: none; airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; last flight review January 28, 2014; seat: right; flight hours: 5,084 total, 895 in this make and model, 133 in the last 90 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 230° at 10 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 46 °F, dew point 30 °F - Altimeter: 30.04 inHg - Observed at: KDEN, 1 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Incident 20141015020689I](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20141015020689I), Oct 15, 2014: Raytheon Aircraft Company HAWKER 800XP, Denver, CO, Minor damage. Aircraft departed centennial airport (kapa). Crew noted loss of all hydraulic pressure shortly after departure. Crew unable to extend landing gear or flaps.… ## Docket (7 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 28, 2016, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=90261. 1.8 MB in all. - Pilot Statements (item 1, .PDF, 74 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40438141&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20Statements-Master.PDF - Photos (item 2, .PDF, 5 photos, 511 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40438142&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photos-Master.PDF - NTSB Lab Report (item 3, .PDF, 118 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40438143&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=NTSB%20Lab%20Report-Master.PDF - Goodyear Tire Examination Notes (item 4, .PDF, 15 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40438144&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Goodyear%20Tire%20Examination%20Notes-Master.PDF - Hawker Service Bulletin 32-3777 (item 5, .PDF, 39 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40438145&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Hawker%20Service%20Bulletin%2032-3777-Master.PDF - FAA SAIB NM-15-24 (item 6, .PDF, 48 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40438146&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FAA%20SAIB%20NM-15-24-Master.PDF - Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 7, .PDF, 959 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40438147&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.