# NTSB CEN16LA021: Piper PA 28-235, N3979X, Winneconne, WI, October 24, 2015 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: October 24, 2015, 15:15 local (20:15 UTC) - Place: Winneconne, WI - Coordinates: 44.106945, -88.683891 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=44.1069&lon=-88.6839&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing: Fire/smoke (non-impact)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/150) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report August 1, 2016 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 92233 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN16LA021 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/92233/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=92233 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN16LA021 ## Probable cause An engine compartment fire during landing, which resulted in extensive fire damage, for reasons that could not be determined during examinations of the remaining wreckage. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Not determined](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000): Not determined › Not determined · Unknown/Not determined (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-28-235, 8 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000/cases.md?model=7102810), [All aircraft, 2,247 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing: Fire/smoke (non-impact)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/150) (defining event); cases with it: [Piper PA-28-235, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/150/sequence.md?model=7102810), [All aircraft, 504 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/150/sequence.md) ## Analysis The private pilot was conducting a cross-country flight. He reported that he could tell something was wrong as he started the descent for landing. He added that the engine was running "rough" and that it "quit" as the airplane touched down. He then observed black smoke and fire exiting out of the cowling. An examination of the wreckage revealed that the airplane sustained discoloration, deformation, and extensive thermal damage to the right side of the fuselage forward of the empennage, the cockpit, and the engine cowling. The fuel line going to the carburetor was separated. A detailed examination of the fuel line revealed that it had separated due to bending overstress with evidence of exposure to high temperature. However, the on-scene and detailed examinations could not determine the source of the ignition. ## Factual narrative On October 24, 2015, about 1515 central daylight time, a Piper PA 28-235 airplane, N3979X, emitted smoke from under its cowling during touch down on runway 36 at the Courtney Plummer Airport (9WN1), near Winneconne, Wisconsin. The airplane landed and subsequently sustained substantial damage when it caught on fire. The pilot and passenger were uninjured. The airplane was registered to and operated by the pilot as a 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. Day visual meteorological conditions prevailed along the route of flight about the time of the accident and the flight did not operated on a flight plan. The flight originated from the Aurora Municipal Airport, near Aurora, Illinois, about 1330 and was destined for 9WN1.According to pilot's accident report, he reported that he could tell something was wrong as he started the descent. The engine was running "rough." The engine "quit" as he touched down. Black smoke and fire exited out of the cowling. He and his passenger opened the door and exited the airplane. The pilot, age 62, held a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) private pilot certificate with airplane single-engine land and instrument airplane ratings. He also held a FAA third-class airman medical certificate, with a limitation for corrective lenses. The pilot reported on his accident report that he had accumulated 2,800 hours of total flight time in single engine airplanes, of which 10.3 hours were flown in the last 90 days. According to information he provided to the FAA, the pilot indicated he had accumulated 2,900 hours of total flight time, of which 2,000 hours were flown in the same make and model as the accident airplane. N3979X, was a 1975 model Piper PA 28-235 single-engine, low wing, four-place, fixed tricycle landing gear airplane with serial number 28-7610002. The airplane was powered by a 235-horsepower Lycoming O-540, six-cylinder, normally aspirated, reciprocating engine. According to the airplane's type certificate data sheet, the airplane had a fuel capacity 84 gallons, of which 50 gallons were contained within 2 wing tanks and 34 gallons were contained within 2 tip tanks. The airplane's last annual inspection was completed on January 7, 2015. According to copies of airplane airworthiness records and logbook endorsements supplied by a repair station, on April 1, 2015, the airplane had some of its airframe skin repaired, the airplane was repainted, and its tip tanks were leak checked and reinstalled. FAA inspectors examined the wreckage and documented the damage. According to the inspectors and review of images of the wreckage, the airplane sustained discoloration, deformation, and thermal damage that consumed a section of the right side of the fuselage forward of the empennage, the cockpit, and the engine cowling. There was an observed separation in the fuel line going to the carburetor. The fuel line and its fittings were sent to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Material Laboratory forexamination. An NTSB chemist conducted a detailed examination of the fuel line. The examination revealed the separation of the fuel line was consistent with bending overstress with evidence of exposure to high temperature. The chemist's examination did not identify a source of ignition in reference to the fuel line and the investigation did not identify a source of ignition in the remaining wreckage. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N3979X](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N3979X-2018-03-02), registration cancelled 2018-03-02, S/N 28-7610002, built 1975 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA 28-235 - Registry model: [Piper PA-28-235](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-235) (registry code 7102810) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-540-series) (registry code 41532, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 28-7610002 - Year built: 1975 - Engines: LYCOMING O-540 SERIES 235 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Fire: Both - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Pilot - Registered owner: Pilot - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, January 7, 2015 - Departed: ARR, CHICAGO/AURORA, IL - Destination: 9WN1, Winneconne, WI - Airport: 9WN1, Courtney Plummer, runway 36, 3,403 × 32 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 62; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 2,900 total, 2,000 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 290° at 16 knots, gusting 23 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 2,100 ft broken - Temperature: 54 °F, dew point 46 °F - Altimeter: 29.79 inHg - Observed at: KOSH, 9 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20151024018599A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20151024018599A), Oct 24, 2015: Piper PA-28-235, Winneconne, WI, Destroyed. The pilot reported that aircraft emitted smoke from under the engine cowl on final approach and the engine quit running upon touchdown on runway. After landing… ## Docket (7 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on May 12, 2016, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=92233. 2.0 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 555 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40440052&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Summary for Record - NTSB Chemist, Fire, and Explosion Specialist (item 2, .PDF, 80 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40440053&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Summary%20for%20Record%20-%20NTSB%20Chemist,%20Fire,%20and%20Explosion%20Specialist-Master.PDF - Images - Supplied by the FAA and Recovery Company (item 3, .PDF, 6 photos, 870 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40440054&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Images%20-%20Supplied%20by%20the%20FAA%20and%20Recovery%20Company-Master.PDF - Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 4, .PDF, 47 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40440055&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Master.PDF - Evidence Control Form (item 5, .PDF, 67 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40440056&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Evidence%20Control%20Form-Master.PDF - Maintenance Records - Supplied by Repair Station (item 6, .PDF, 253 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40440057&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Maintenance%20Records%20-%20Supplied%20by%20Repair%20Station-Master.PDF - Miscellaneous Information - Last Annual Inspection (item 7, .PDF, 98 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40440058&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Miscellaneous%20Information%20-%20Last%20Annual%20Inspection-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.