# NTSB CEN16LA231: Cessna 182Q, N377H, Blaine, MN, June 22, 2016 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: June 21, 2016, 19:47 local (Jun 22, 2016, 00:47 UTC) - Place: Blaine, MN - Coordinates: 45.145, -93.210281 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=45.1450&lon=-93.2103&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing-flare/touchdown: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report December 12, 2016 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: FAA-Minneapolis FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 93437 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN16LA231 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/93437/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=93437 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN16LA231 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to maintain a proper airspeed during the landing approach, which resulted in an improper flare and hard landing. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182Q, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md?model=2072732), [All aircraft, 1,681 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: landing flare](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182Q, 14 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md?model=2072732), [All aircraft, 1,285 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182Q, 34 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2072732), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Attention/monitoring: attention](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021510): Personnel issues › Psychological · Pilot; cases with it: [Cessna 182Q, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021510/cases.md?model=2072732), [All aircraft, 226 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021510/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 182Q, 15 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md?model=2072732), [All aircraft, 2,102 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md) ## Analysis The private pilot was conducting a local personal flight. The pilot reported that, while in the traffic pattern, she applied carburetor heat and extended the flaps to 10 degrees. At this point, the passenger informed her that the engine manifold air pressure had reduced to 4 inches. She added throttle, and the manifold air pressure recovered to between 14 and 15 inches. The pilot stated that she was concerned about having an engine failure and kept the airspeed at 80 knots until she was sure the airplane could reach the runway. She added that she then throttled back and that the airspeed reduced to 60 knots and, as the airplane crossed the end of the runway, she "lost all airspeed." She stated that, shortly after, the airplane descended to 8 to 10 ft above the ground and then landed hard. Based on the available information, the airplane's engine responded to the pilot's control inputs. It is likely that the pilot's concern about the engine led to her failure to maintain a proper approach airspeed during the landing, which resulted in a hard landing. ## Factual narrative On June 21, 2016, about 1947 central daylight time, a Cessna 182Q airplane, N377H, sustained substantial damage during a hard landing on runway 27 at the Anoka County-Blaine Airport (ANE), Blaine, Minnesota. The pilot and passenger were not injured. The airplane sustained damage to the forward fuselage and firewall. The airplane was registered to a private individual and operated by the pilot under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a personal flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the flight, which was not on a flight plan. The local flight originated about 10 minutes prior to the accident. The pilot reported that while in the traffic pattern, she applied carburetor heat and extended the flaps to 10 degrees. At this point her passenger informed her that the engine manifold pressure had reduced to 4 inches of manifold air pressure (MAP). She added throttle and the it recovered to 14-15 MAP. She stated that she was concerned about having an engine failure and kept the airspeed at 80 knots until she was sure she had the runway made. She then throttled back. The airspeed reduced to 60 knots and as the airplane crossed the end of the runway she "lost all airspeed". She stated that a short time later the airplane was 8-10 ft in the air and a hard landing was made. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N377H](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N377H), registered now, S/N 18265530 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 182Q (Q) - Registry model: [Cessna 182Q](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182q) (registry code 2072732) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 18265530 - Airframe hours: 2210 - Engines: Continental O-470-U 230 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, May 27, 2016 - Departed: ANE, Anoka, MN - Destination: ANE, Anoka, MN - Airport: ANE, Anoka County-Blaine Arpt (Jane, runway 27, 5,000 × 100 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Stall warning system ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 72; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; last flight review June 17, 2016; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 218 total, 97 in this make and model, 218 as pilot in command, 6 in the last 90 days, 6 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 290° at 8 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 25,000 ft broken - Temperature: 81 °F, dew point 50 °F - Altimeter: 29.89 inHg - Observed at: ANE ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20160621006909A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20160621006909A), Jun 21, 2016: Cessna 182Q, Blaine, MN, Substantial damage. On 6/21/2016. While on the downwind for ane (Anoka county-Blaine airport) , runway 27, the pilot pulled the carb heat to ?on?, and shortly after set the flaps… ## Docket (1 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 8, 2016, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=93437. 758 KB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 758 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442954&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.