# NTSB CEN16LA297: Cessna 172F, N211FC, Newark, IL, July 31, 2016 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: July 31, 2016, 11:35 local (16:35 UTC) - Place: Newark, IL - Coordinates: 41.5825, -88.542221 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=41.5825&lon=-88.5422&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Enroute-cruise: Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report April 20, 2020 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration, Nashville FSDO, Federal Aviation Administration, DuPage FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 93732 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN16LA297 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/93732/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=93732 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN16LA297 ## Probable cause The failure of the No. 4 cylinder exhaust valve, which resulted in a partial loss of engine power and a forced landing. Contributing to the valve failure and loss of engine power was the extended time since the last overhaul. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Engine (reciprocating): recip eng cyl section](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Failure (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172F, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530/cases.md?model=2072414), [All aircraft, 373 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530/cases.md) - [Aircraft](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01050000): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Not serviced/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172F, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01050000/cases.md?model=2072414), [All aircraft, 151 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01050000/cases.md) - [Object/animal/substance](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022000): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Cessna 172F, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022000/cases.md?model=2072414), [All aircraft, 224 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022000/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Enroute-cruise: Powerplant sys/comp malf/fail](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/340); cases with it: [Cessna 172F, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/340/sequence.md?model=2072414), [All aircraft, 820 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/340/sequence.md) - [Enroute-cruise: Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 172F, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342/sequence.md?model=2072414), [All aircraft, 1,858 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342/sequence.md) - [Enroute-cruise: Attempted remediation/recovery](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060); cases with it: [Cessna 172F, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060/sequence.md?model=2072414), [All aircraft, 1,422 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060/sequence.md) - [Landing: Off-field or emergency landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440); cases with it: [Cessna 172F, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md?model=2072414), [All aircraft, 3,365 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Cessna 172F, 22 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=2072414), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Landing gear collapse](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094); cases with it: [Cessna 172F, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094/sequence.md?model=2072414), [All aircraft, 1,787 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094/sequence.md) ## Analysis The private pilot was conducting a cross-country flight when the airplane had a partial loss of engine power during cruise flight. The pilot stated that the engine continued to run but that there was an excessive vibration and significant loss of power. The pilot's corrective actions did not restore normal engine operation, and he made a forced landing in a nearby field. The airplane's nose landing gear collapsed when it impacted a berm during the landing roll, and the airplane came to rest in a nose-down attitude with structural damage to the lower fuselage. A postaccident engine examination revealed a failure of the No. 4 cylinder exhaust valve. About 1/2 of the No. 4 exhaust valve was located during the examination, and the recovered portions exhibited significant impact damage. The failure of the No. 4 cylinder exhaust valve would have resulted in a significant loss of engine power during the flight. The engine had accumulated 2,146.9 hours since its last major overhaul, which was completed more than 27 years before the accident. According to available maintenance documentation, the No. 4 cylinder exhaust valve had not been repaired or replaced since the last major overhaul. According to the engine manufacturer, the recommended time between overhaul (TBO) is every 1,800 hours or 12 years, whichever occurs first; however, the operator was not required to comply with the recommended TBO interval under current regulations due to the type of operation. ## Factual narrative On July 31, 2016, about 1135 central daylight time, a Cessna 172F airplane, N211FC, collided with a berm during a forced landing near Newark, Illinois. The private pilot was not injured, and the airplane was substantially damaged. The airplane was registered to the pilot and operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight without a flight plan. Day visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the cross-country flight that departed Wittman Regional Airport (OSH), Oshkosh, Wisconsin, about 0945, and had the intended destination of Morris Municipal Airport (C09), Morris, Illinois.The pilot reported that the airplane experienced a sudden loss of engine power about 1 hour 50 minutes into the flight at a cruise altitude of 2,500 ft mean sea level. The engine continued to run but there was an excessive vibration and a significant loss of power. The pilot reported that he increased the fuel mixture to full-rich, confirmed that the fuel selector was positioned to draw fuel from both fuel tanks, and verified that the ignition switch was selected to both. He did not engage the carburetor heat. There was no improvement to engine performance; however, the oil temperature and oil pressure gauges were indicating normal readings. The pilot reported that the engine eventually began to make a "squeaking" noise as it continued to run. The pilot stated that he made a forced landing to an open field because the engine was not producing enough power to maintain altitude. The airplane's nose landing gear collapsed when it impacted a berm during landing roll, and the airplane came to rest in a nose down attitude. The engine firewall and lower fuselage structure were damaged when the nose landing gear collapsed. The engine was examined by a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Inspector after the airplane had been recovered from the field. The FAA Inspector reported that although the engine crankshaft could be rotated by hand, it could not complete a full turn. The upper spark plugs were removed and examined. The upper spark plugs for cylinder Nos. 1-3 exhibited features consistent with normal operation. The upper and lower spark plugs for the No. 4 cylinder exhibited significant impact damage. The No. 4 cylinder was removed and revealed significant impact damage to the piston face and the top of the piston chamber. The No. 4 exhaust valve was not located in its normal position in the cylinder head. A portion of the exhaust valve was found embedded in the cylinder head. Another portion of the exhaust valve and the valve stem were found in the left muffler. About ½ of the No. 4 exhaust valve was located during the examination, and the recovered portions exhibited significant impact damage. The airplane was powered by a 145-horsepower, 6-cylinder, Continental O-300-D reciprocating engine, serial number 28231-D-3-D. The most recent annual inspection was completed on January 26, 2016. At the time of the accident, the engine had accumulated2,146.9 hours since its last major overhaul that was completed on January 6, 1989. According to available maintenance documentation, the No. 4 cylinder exhaust valve had not been repaired or replaced since the last engine overhaul. According to the engine maintenance manual, the recommended time between overhaul (TBO) for the O-300-D engine is every 1,800 hours or 12 years, whichever occurs first. FAA regulations do not require Part 91 operators to comply with an engine manufacturer's recommended TBO interval provided the engine meets annual inspection requirements. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N211FC](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N211FC-2018-03-13), registration cancelled 2018-03-13, S/N 17253173, built 1965 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 172F - Registry model: [Cessna 172F](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172f) (registry code 2072414) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental 0-300 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-0-300-series) (registry code 17022, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17253173 - Year built: 1965 - Airframe hours: 5036.3 - Engines: Continental O-300-D 145 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, January 26, 2016, 31 hours before - Departed: OSH, Oshkosh, WI - Destination: C09, Morris, IL - Equipment: Stall warning system, Electronic flight bag or handheld device ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 63; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; last flight review October 22, 2015; seat: left; restraint: 4-point; flight hours: 1,267 total, 1,263 in this make and model, 1,136 as pilot in command, 21 in the last 90 days, 18 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 80° at 3 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 79 °F, dew point 66 °F - Altimeter: 30.04 inHg - Observed at: C09, 12 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20160731012789A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20160731012789A), Jul 31, 2016: Cessna 172F, Newark, IL, Substantial damage. During a flight from oshkosh, Wisconsin (kosh) to morris Illinois (C09), N211FC, a Cessna 172 (CE-172) encountered mechanical issues with the aircraft?s engine… ## Docket (7 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 8, 2019, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=93732. 3.8 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 900 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40477875&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - FAA Inspector Statement (Glenn Anthony) (item 2, .PDF, 98 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40477876&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FAA%20Inspector%20Statement%20(Glenn%20Anthony)-Master.PDF - Memorandum of Conversation (William Keeney) (item 3, .PDF, 77 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40477877&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Memorandum%20of%20Conversation%20(William%20Keeney)-Master.PDF - Engine Examination Photo Summary (Source FAA) (item 4, .PDF, 7 photos, 998 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40477878&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Engine%20Examination%20Photo%20Summary%20(Source%20FAA)-Master.PDF - Engine Logbook (Excerpts) (item 5, .PDF, 1.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40477879&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Engine%20Logbook%20(Excerpts)-Master.PDF - Email Correspondence (Engine History) (item 6, .PDF, 88 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40477880&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Email%20Correspondence%20(Engine%20History)-Master.PDF - Continental Maintenance Manual Excerpts (Recommended Time Between Overhaul) (item 7, .PDF, 408 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40477881&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Continental%20Maintenance%20Manual%20Excerpts%20(Recommended%20Time%20Between%20Overhaul)-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.