# NTSB CEN16LA375: Piper PA 32R-300, N4477F, Grants, NM, September 19, 2016 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: September 19, 2016, 17:00 local (23:00 UTC) - Place: Grants, NM - Coordinates: 35.167221, -107.901947 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.1672&lon=-107.9019&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Takeoff](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/300) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Takeoff: Fuel starvation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 3 uninjured - Status: Completed, report June 20, 2017 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 94034 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN16LA375 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/94034/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=94034 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN16LA375 ## Probable cause A loss of engine power for reasons that could not be determined based on the available information. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Fluids: fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010): Aircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Incorrect use/operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-32R-300, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md?model=7103213), [All aircraft, 1,695 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md) - [Action: incorrect action selection](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041010): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-32R-300, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041010/cases.md?model=7103213), [All aircraft, 397 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041010/cases.md) - [Object/animal/substance: tree(s)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022020): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Piper PA-32R-300, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022020/cases.md?model=7103213), [All aircraft, 933 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022020/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Takeoff: Fuel starvation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191) (defining event); cases with it: [Piper PA-32R-300, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191/sequence.md?model=7103213), [All aircraft, 733 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191/sequence.md) - [Takeoff: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341); cases with it: [Piper PA-32R-300, 14 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md?model=7103213), [All aircraft, 3,820 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md) - [Emergency descent: Off-field or emergency landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440); cases with it: [Piper PA-32R-300, 11 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md?model=7103213), [All aircraft, 3,365 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md) - [Landing: Collision during takeoff/land](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490); cases with it: [Piper PA-32R-300, 5 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490/sequence.md?model=7103213), [All aircraft, 1,309 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490/sequence.md) ## Analysis After a preflight inspection and engine run up that revealed no anomalies, the private pilot and two passengers were departing on a cross-country flight. The pilot stated that the airplane became airborne approximately 5,000 ft down the 7,172-ft-long runway at 80 knots. Approximately 100 feet above ground level, he heard a "gurgle" and the engine experienced a loss of power. The pilot verified that the fuel pump was on and the throttle was in its full-forward position. The pilot then located a forced landing site and during the landing, the airplane impacted a tree. The occupants egressed, and the airplane was subsequently consumed by postcrash fire. The accident airport was located at an elevation about 6,500 ft mean sea level (msl). Given the atmospheric conditions at the time of the accident, the density altitude exceeded 9,000 ft msl, which would have significantly increased the airplane's takeoff distance and reduced its climb capability. The pilot's experience operating in high density altitude environments could not be determined. Review of photos from the accident site revealed that the fuel selector handle appeared to be located between the left fuel tank and off positions; however, the fuel selector was not examined and its position could not be verified, therefore, the reason for the reported loss of engine power could not be determined. ## Factual narrative On September 19, 2016, about 1700 mountain daylight time, a Piper PA 32R-300 airplane, N4477F, impacted a tree and terrain during a forced landing near Grants, New Mexico. A ground fire subsequently occurred. The pilot and two passengers were uninjured. The airplane was destroyed during the impact and ground fire. The airplane was registered to and operated by the pilot under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a personal flight. Day visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the flight, which did not operate on a flight plan. The flight was originating from the Grants-Milan Municipal Airport (GNT), near Grants, New Mexico, at the time of the accident and was destined for the Cedar City Regional Airport, near Cedar City, Utah.According to the pilot's accident report, the pilot performed a pre-flight inspection. He taxied to the run-up area for runway 31 and conducted the before takeoff checklist. He taxied the airplane to the beginning of the runway and set the throttle to full power. The roll-out and acceleration was considered to be normal. The airplane lifted off approximately 5,000 feet down the runway at 80 knots. Approximately 100 feet above ground level and about two 2 seconds after lift-off, he heard a "gurgle" and the airplane lost engine power. The pilot verified that the fuel pump was on and the throttle was in its full position. He turned the airplane about 20 degrees to the left and determined the airplane would not be able to return to the airport at its altitude at the time. The pilot located a landing site and he landed the airplane in between two trees. During the landing roll, the airplane turned to the left and headed for a tree. He was unable to correct the heading with applied right rudder. The airplane impacted a tree and the airplane caught on fire. The pilot and passengers exited airplane and ran away from fire. N4477F was a 1976 model Piper PA-32R-301 airplane with serial number 32R-7680449. The airplane was a low-wing, all-metal, single-engine, six-place monoplane. It had a retractable tricycle landing gear configuration, and was powered by a fuel injected, six-cylinder, Lycoming IO-540 engine with serial number L-15137-48A, which drove a Hartzell variable-pitch propeller. At 1655, the recorded weather at GNT was: Wind calm; visibility 10 statute miles; sky condition clear; temperature 30 degrees C; dew point -13; altimeter 30.28 inches of mercury. The local temperature and dew point were not in the range conducive to carburetor icing. GNT was a public, non-towered airport, which was owned by the City of Grants, New Mexico. It was located about three miles northwest of Grants, New Mexico. The airport had a surveyed elevation of 6,536.9 feet above mean sea level. The airport's runway 13/31 was 7,172 feet by 40 feet with an asphalt surface. A Federal Aviation Administration Air Safety Inspector examined the wreckage. The Inspector, in part, indicated that the airplane was badly damaged by fire.However, the fuel selector handle was not in the "full on" position for selecting a fuel tank. An image of the fuel selector valve showed it was found selecting a position by the left tank position and the off position. The Piper service manual, in part, stated: 8-18. FUEL SELECTOR VALVE OPERATION. When the fuel selector handle is not in a positive selector detent position, more than one fuel port will be open at the same time. It should be ascertained that the fuel selector is positioned in a detent, which can be easily felt when moving the handle through its various positions. Piper Service Bulletin (SB) 772, in part, stated: PURPOSE: It has been determined that certain Cameron l-H65-3 Fuel Selector Valves (Piper Part Number 69735-0SV) may exhibit excessive freeplay between the valve shaft and arm. If this condition exists and is left uncorrected, the indicated selector valve position may not correspond with the actual position of the selector valve, resulting in partial or restricted fuel flow through the valve ports, and possible loss of power. ... INSTRUCTIONS: During Each Preflight: 1. Move the Fuel Selector Control into each of its three positions -Off, Left, and Right - to insure that a positive detent is present at each of the three positions. 2. If positive detent is not exhibited at any of the three positions, the Fuel Selector Valve must be replaced before further flight. The installed version of the fuel selector valve could not be determined due to the fire damage it sustained. The Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH) current at the time of the accident, in part, stated: ENGINE POWER LOSS DURING TAKEOFF If sufficient runway remains for a normal landing, leave gear down and land straight ahead. If area ahead is rough, or if it is necessary to clear obstructions: Gear selector switch..................................................UP Emergency gear lever (on aircraft equipped with backup gear extender).locked in OVERRIDE ENGAGED position If sufficient altitude has been gained to attempt a restart: Maintain safe airspeed. Fuel selector.................. switch to tank containing fuel Electric fuel pump....................................................ON Mixture................................................................. RICH Alternate air........................................................ OPEN Emergency gear lever.................................. as required If power is not regained, proceed with power off landing. The POH did not amplify or caution the pilot of the importance of ensuring the fuel selector is in a positive detent on a fuel tank selection position to the extent that the maintenance manual and SB explained it. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N4477F](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N4477F-2019-03-02), registration cancelled 2019-03-02, S/N 32R-7680449, built 1976 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA 32R-300 - Registry model: [Piper PA-32R-300](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-32r-300) (registry code 7103213) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming TI0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-ti0-540-series) (registry code 41533, turbo-prop) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 32R-7680449 - Year built: 1976 - Airframe hours: 5101 - Engines: Lycoming IO-540-KIG50 300 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, December 15, 2015 - Departed: GNT, GRANTS, NM - Destination: CDC, CEDAR CITY, UT ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 42; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine sea; medical: class 1, without waivers/limitations; last flight review September 16, 2015; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 592 total, 218.8 in this make and model, 489 as pilot in command, 50 in the last 90 days, 20 in the last 30 days, 4.5 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 86 °F, dew point 9 °F - Altimeter: 30.28 inHg - Observed at: KGNT ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20160919015739A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20160919015739A), Sep 19, 2016: Piper PA-32R-300, Grants, NM, Destroyed. On September 19, 2016, at 1700 MST, a Piper PA-32R-300, N4477F, crashed after takeoff about one mile nw of Grants-milan municipal airport (kgnt), Grants, new… ## Other investigations on N4477F (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB FTW97LA107](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW97LA107), Feb 18, 1997: Piper PA-32R-300 (N4477F), Salida, CO, substantial damage. Probable cause: The airplane's performance being exceeded due to the pilot's inadequate preflight planning. Factors were the uphill runway, high density altitude, and the pilot's lack of experience performing… ## Docket (9 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on December 19, 2016, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=94034. 10.4 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 761 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447682&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - FAA Inspector's Statement - Summary (item 2, .PDF, 107 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447683&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FAA%20Inspector%27s%20Statement%20-%20Summary-Master.PDF - Miscellaneous Information - Icing Chart (item 3, .PDF, 71 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447684&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Miscellaneous%20Information%20-%20Icing%20Chart-Master.PDF - Photo - FAA Supplied Image of Fuel Selector (item 4, .PDF, 1 photo, 8.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447685&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%20-%20FAA%20Supplied%20Image%20of%20Fuel%20Selector-Master.PDF - Miscellaneous Information - POH Excerpt (item 5, .PDF, 419 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447686&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Miscellaneous%20Information%20-%20POH%20Excerpt-Master.PDF - Systems - Fuel System (item 6, .PDF, 138 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447687&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Systems%20-%20Fuel%20System-Master.PDF - Miscellaneous Information - Service Bulletin 772 (item 7, .PDF, 309 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447688&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Miscellaneous%20Information%20-%20Service%20Bulletin%20772-Master.PDF - Weather Reports and Records (item 8, .PDF, 13 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447689&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Weather%20Reports%20and%20Records-Master.PDF - Miscellaneous Information - Revised Factual (item 9, .PDF, 69 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40451338&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Miscellaneous%20Information%20-%20Revised%20Factual-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.