# NTSB CEN17LA274: Endler Glasair/Glasair 1-Td SH2, N181AL, Colorado Springs, CO, July 15, 2017 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: July 15, 2017, 13:00 local (19:00 UTC) - Place: Colorado Springs, CO - Coordinates: 38.945835, -104.569999 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=38.9458&lon=-104.5700&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Takeoff](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/300) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Takeoff: Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 6, 2019 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration; DEN FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 95604 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN17LA274 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/95604/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=95604 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN17LA274 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to lock the castering tailwheel in accordance with the airplane Owner's Manual and a checklist item and to abort the takeoff after the airplane exceeded its normal takeoff distance and/or reached the limit of the rudder control authority during the takeoff roll, which resulted in a loss of directional control and a subsequent runway excursion and impact with a light. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Landing gear system: nose/tail landing gear](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023220): Aircraft › Aircraft systems · Not specified (probable cause); cases with it: [Endler Alfred F GLASAIR SH2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023220/cases.md?model=056555Y), [All aircraft, 185 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023220/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: directional control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Endler Alfred F GLASAIR SH2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020/cases.md?model=056555Y), [All aircraft, 3,958 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Endler Alfred F GLASAIR SH2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=056555Y), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Action: lack of action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Endler Alfred F GLASAIR SH2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030/cases.md?model=056555Y), [All aircraft, 792 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: use of checklist](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063030): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Endler Alfred F GLASAIR SH2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063030/cases.md?model=056555Y), [All aircraft, 336 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063030/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Endler Alfred F GLASAIR SH2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md?model=056555Y), [All aircraft, 1,391 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md) - [Object/animal/substance: sign/marker](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022015): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Effect on operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Endler Alfred F GLASAIR SH2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022015/cases.md?model=056555Y), [All aircraft, 214 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022015/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Prior to flight: Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900); cases with it: [Endler Alfred F GLASAIR SH2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md?model=056555Y), [All aircraft, 1,556 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md) - [Takeoff: Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230) (defining event); cases with it: [Endler Alfred F GLASAIR SH2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md?model=056555Y), [All aircraft, 4,585 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md) - [Takeoff: Attempted remediation/recovery](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060); cases with it: [Endler Alfred F GLASAIR SH2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060/sequence.md?model=056555Y), [All aircraft, 1,422 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060/sequence.md) - [Takeoff: Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300); cases with it: [Endler Alfred F GLASAIR SH2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md?model=056555Y), [All aircraft, 3,643 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md) - [Takeoff: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Endler Alfred F GLASAIR SH2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=056555Y), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) - [Takeoff: Fire/smoke (non-impact)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/150); cases with it: [Endler Alfred F GLASAIR SH2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/150/sequence.md?model=056555Y), [All aircraft, 504 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/150/sequence.md) ## Analysis The airline transport pilot reported that he was attempting to take off in a nonsteerable, castering, tailwheel-equipped experimental airplane with the tailwheel unlocked. During the takeoff roll, the airplane veered left. The pilot applied right rudder pedal input and then applied the right brake, but the airplane continued to veer left. The airplane veered off the runway about 2,400 ft down the runway and struck a taxiway light; the airplane's normal takeoff distance is 1,000 ft. A postcrash fire erupted from the right main landing gear well area. The continued application of right brake after full rudder deflection, as evidenced by witness marks along the runway, did not correct the airplane's path; instead, it likely increased the takeoff distance and created a heat source for the initiation of the fire. Further, when applying full rudder deflection did not correct the airplane's path, the pilot should have recognized there was a problem and aborted the takeoff. According to the airplane Owner's Manual and a checklist item in the manual, the tailwheel was to be in the locked position for takeoff and landing. Given the evidence, the pilot likely had not locked the castering tailwheel in accordance with applicable guidance, which resulted in the loss of directional control during takeoff. ## Factual narrative "***This report was modified on September 17, 2019. Please see the docket for this accident to view the original report.***" On July 15, 2017, about 1300 mountain daylight time, an experimental amateur-built Endler Glasair SH2 (Glasair 1-TD), N181AL, ground looped and veered off runway 15 (6,000 feet by 60 feet, asphalt) during takeoff from Meadow Lake Airport (FLY), Colorado Springs, Colorado. The airplane impacted a taxiway light and was destroyed by fire. The pilot and passenger were uninjured. The airplane was registered to and operated by an individual under 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as a personal flight that was not operating on a flight plan. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The local flight was originating at the time of the accident. The pilot stated that the airport automated weather observing system reported winds from 050 degrees at 7 knots, which was a "direct crosswind" to runways 15 and 33. The pilot decided to use runway 15 because an American Champion Decathlon or Citabria airplane "just landed" on runway 15, and runway 15 was the "favored runway" for the airport. The pilot said that there was a 1-2 knot tailwind for the accident takeoff. During the takeoff roll on runway 15, the airplane "continued to creep" to the left side of the runway even with application of [right] brake and rudder. The pilot made "one last big effort" to return the airplane to runway centerline, by "swerving." The airplane veered toward the left and off the runway surface. The airplane ground looped and a fire ensued from the right main landing gear well. Post-accident examination of witness marks along runway 15 revealed a mark consistent with continued application of right main landing gear wheel brake. The airplane veered off the runway about 2,400 down the runway and struck a taxiway light. The grass area located about 10-20 feet preceding the taxiway light exhibited burning. The right main landing gear was collapsed under the fuselage. The airplane was equipped with a castering tailwheel with a locking pin. The tailwheel was not a steerable assembly. The pilot said that the normal takeoff distance for the airplane was about 1,000 feet and when asked why the airplane impacted about 2,400 feet down the runway, he said "I don't know." He said that he discussed this in his analysis of the statement he provided. He said maybe it was an engine issue and did not know what the engine rpm was at the time of takeoff. The airplane owner's manual states that the tailwheel locks in the straight position for takeoff and landing. In the unlocked position, the tailwheel full swivels 360 degrees. The airplane checklist states that the tailwheel is to be in the locked position for takeoff. The pilot stated that the tailwheel was in the unlocked position during the takeoff. The National Transportation Safety Board Investigator-in-Charge asked the pilot what the maximum demonstrated crosswind velocity was for theairplane and the airplane's center of gravity (CG) location for the flight; the pilot said that he did not know the velocity and would check with the airplane owner and try to obtain the weight and balance form. The pilot said that based on the owner's information, the maximum demonstrated cross wind for the airplane was 15 knots. The pilot said his personal maximum crosswind velocity limit was 10 knots. The airplane owner's manual does not cite a maximum demonstrated crosswind velocity but a recommended velocity of 20 mph. The pilot said that the airplane weight and balance form was in the airplane and destroyed by the fire. The CG location for the flight could not be determined. The pilot said that the accident takeoff weight was about 470 lbs. He said that the fuel and passenger locations are roughly the moment arm from the airplane CG, so all weight has the same CG effect. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N181AL](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N181AL-2020-10-31), registration cancelled 2020-10-31, S/N 181, built 1988 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Endler Glasair/Glasair 1-TD SH2 - Registry model: [Endler Alfred F GLASAIR SH2](https://openairdocs.org/model/endler-alfred-f-glasair-sh2) (registry code 056555Y) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane, amateur-built - Serial number: 181 - Year built: 1988 - Airframe hours: 1151.6 - Engines: Lycoming O-320-E2A reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Pilot - Registered owner: Individual - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Last inspection: Condition, April 6, 2017 - Departed: FLY, Colorado Springs, CO - Destination: FLY, Colorado Springs, CO - Airport: FLY, Meadow Lake Airport, runway 15, 6,000 × 60 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Unknown ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 43; injuries: none; flight instructor, airline transport; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, without waivers/limitations; last flight review April 13, 2017; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 3,400 total, 20 in this make and model, 3,000 as pilot in command, 50 in the last 90 days, 25 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 30° at 6 knots, gusting 16 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 73 °F, dew point 54 °F - Altimeter: 30.43 inHg - Observed at: FLY ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20170715024539A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20170715024539A), Jul 15, 2017: Endler Alfred F GLASAIR SH2, Colorado Spring, CO, Destroyed. On JULY15,2017 [privacy data omitted] and [privacy data omitted] attempted to takeoff at meadow lake airport in a glassair ii, N181AL. During the takeoff… ## Docket (7 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on July 18, 2019, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=95604. 6.6 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 379 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40474197&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Records of Conversation (item 2, .PDF, 80 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40474198&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Records%20of%20Conversation-Master.PDF - Email Regarding Weight and Balance (item 3, .PDF, 87 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40474199&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Email%20Regarding%20Weight%20and%20Balance-Master.PDF - Weather Information (item 4, .PDF, 62 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40474200&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Weather%20Information-Master.PDF - Airplane Owner's Manual (excerpt) (item 5, .PDF, 258 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40474201&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Airplane%20Owner%27s%20Manual%20(excerpt)%20-Master.PDF - Photo Array (item 6, .PDF, 3 photos, 5.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40474202&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%20Array-Master.PDF - Revised Factual Narrative (item 7, .PDF, 44 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40476103&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Revised%20Factual%20Narrative-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.