# NTSB CEN17LA358: Cessna 177B, N35170, London, OH, September 17, 2017 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: September 17, 2017, 16:00 local (20:00 UTC) - Place: London, OH - Coordinates: 39.932777, -83.461944 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=39.9328&lon=-83.4619&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Enroute-cruise: Fuel exhaustion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report March 18, 2019 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: FAA-Columbus FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 96035 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN17LA358 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/96035/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=96035 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN17LA358 ## Probable cause The flight instructor's inadequate in-flight fuel management, which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Fluids: fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010): Aircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid level (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 177B, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md?model=2073708), [All aircraft, 1,695 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md) - [Fluids: fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010): Aircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid management (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 177B, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md?model=2073708), [All aircraft, 1,695 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 177B, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md?model=2073708), [All aircraft, 1,391 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Enroute-cruise: Fuel exhaustion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 177B, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192/sequence.md?model=2073708), [All aircraft, 804 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192/sequence.md) - [Landing: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Cessna 177B, 20 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=2073708), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The flight instructor and the student pilot were in a cruise descent toward the destination airport when the engine experienced a total loss of power. The instructor performed a forced landing to a corn field, during which the airplane sustained substantial damage. The instructor reported that the airplane had 25 gallons of fuel onboard before takeoff and that the duration of the accident flight was 1.3 hours. Due to a recent engine overhaul, the instructor was operating the airplane at a high power setting with the mixture full rich. He noted that, during previous flights, the fuel consumption was about 11 gallons per hour and calculated that the airplane should have burned about 14.3 gallons of fuel during the accident flight. Since the engine was not being operated at normal cruise power settings, fuel burn based on information in the pilot's operating handbook could not be calculated; however, examination of the airplane after the accident revealed no usable fuel remaining in either wing fuel tank, and no breaches of the fuel system. Subsequent testing revealed no fuel leakage and no excessive fuel consumption during ground runs. Based on the available evidence, it is likely that the engine lost power due to fuel exhaustion; however, whether the pilot overestimated the fuel quantity before departure or underestimated the fuel consumption during the flight could not be determined. ## Factual narrative On September 17, 2017, about 1600 eastern daylight time, a Cessna 177B airplane, N35170, sustained substantial damage during a forced landing following a complete loss of engine power near London, Ohio. The flight instructor and student pilot were not injured. The airplane's right-wing spar was bent, and the fuselage was wrinkled aft of the cabin. The airplane was registered to an individual and operated by the pilot under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as an instructional flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the flight, which was not on a flight plan. The local flight originated from the Madison County Airport (UYF), London, Ohio, about 1415, performed a landing at the Lima Allen County Airport (AOH), Lima, Ohio, and was returning to UYF when the accident occurred. The instructor pilot reported that after making a full stop landing at AOH, they started to fly back to UYF and had just began a descent about 6 to 7 miles from UYF when the engine "sputtered" several times and then stopped producing power. He established a proper glide speed and checked the fuel selector to ensure that both fuel tanks were selected. He noted that the fuel pressure was low and fluctuating, and the engine restarted for several seconds after the electric fuel boost pump was turned on and then it stopped producing power again. After making several turns to find a more suitable landing area to no avail, he landed the airplane in a corn field. The pilot noted that the airplane's engine was recently overhauled and was being operated at high power settings and a full rich mixture for engine break-in. He noted that during previous flights the fuel consumption was about 11 gallons per hour (gph). He stated that before the accident flight he checked the fuel quantity and was confident that there was 25 gallons of fuel on-board the airplane, and the engine recording tachometer read 2069.3 hours prior to the flight. The tachometer indicated 2,070.6 hours at the time of the accident. Based on the fuel consumption on previous flights and the tachometer readings the pilot calculated that the airplane should have consumed about 14.3 gallons of fuel. Examination of the airplane at the accident site revealed no usable fuel in either wing tank and no breaches of the fuel system. Since the airplane was not being operated at normal cruise power settings, fuel burn calculations based on information in the Pilot's Operating Handbook could not be made. A subsequent examination and testing of the airplane was performed by a third party after its removal from the accident site and after wing removal. The airplane was placed in a hangar and after one day minor fuel stains were observed under the airplane. To further investigate if there was significant fuel leakage, the airplane was outfitted with a temporary fuel container secured to the cabin roof and plumbed into the left and right wing tank fuel line assembly inlets. The airplane's enginewas run on two separate occasion using left, right, and both fuel selector positions, and with and without the electric fuel boost pump running. The engine speed that was attained during the test was 1,400 to 1,500 rpm, and the engine ran smoothly in all fuel configurations. Thorough examination of the airplane after each run did not reveal any fuel leakage and fuel consumption was not excessive. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N35170](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N35170-2019-05-04), registration cancelled 2019-05-04, S/N 17702245, built 1975 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 177B (B) - Registry model: [Cessna 177B](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-177b) (registry code 2073708) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming O&VO-360 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-o-vo-360-series) (registry code 41514, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 17702245 - Year built: 1975 - Airframe hours: 2054 - Engines: LYCOMING O-360-A1F6D 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, January 21, 2017, 17 hours before - Departed: UYF, LONDON, OH - Destination: UYF, LONDON, OH - Equipment: Auto-pilot, Stall warning system ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 50; injuries: none; airline transport, flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; seat: right; flight hours: 7,825 total, 18 in this make and model, 7,367 as pilot in command, 239 in the last 90 days, 6 in the last 30 days, 4 in the last 24 hours - Student pilot; injuries: none; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 3 total, 3 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 190° at 5 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 82 °F, dew point 61 °F - Altimeter: 30.10 inHg - Observed at: TZR, 15 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20170917020839A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20170917020839A), Sep 17, 2017: Cessna 177B, London, OH, Substantial damage. CFI was performing private pilot training with a student pilot. Aircraft was measured for fuel before flight using fuelhawk overwing measuring stick.… ## Docket (4 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 8, 2018, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=96035. 1.7 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40465717&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Results of Post-Accident Testing (item 2, .PDF, 236 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40465718&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Results%20of%20Post-Accident%20Testing-Master.PDF - Record of Conversation with FSDO Inspector (item 3, .PDF, 53 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40465719&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Conversation%20with%20FSDO%20Inspector-Master.PDF - Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 4, .PDF, 166 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40465720&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.