# NTSB CEN18LA197: Fairchild M 62C(PT-23A), N64176, Wichita, KS, May 28, 2018 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: May 28, 2018, 12:10 local (17:10 UTC) - Place: Wichita, KS - Coordinates: 37.651668, -97.383888 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=37.6517&lon=-97.3839&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Approach-VFR pattern final: Fuel exhaustion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 2 minor - Status: Completed, report April 30, 2019 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 97335 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN18LA197 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/97335/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=97335 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN18LA197 ## Probable cause A total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion, which resulted from the pilot’s miscalculation of the fuel consumption rate during preflight planning. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Fluids: fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010): Aircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid level (probable cause); cases with it: [Fairchild M-62C(PT-23A), 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md?model=3371630), [All aircraft, 1,695 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md) - [Planning/preparation: fuel planning](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061030): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Fairchild M-62C(PT-23A), 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061030/cases.md?model=3371630), [All aircraft, 719 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061030/cases.md) - [Object/animal/substance: fence/fence post](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022047): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Fairchild M-62C(PT-23A), 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022047/cases.md?model=3371630), [All aircraft, 313 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022047/cases.md) - [Object/animal/substance: pole](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022010): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Fairchild M-62C(PT-23A), 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022010/cases.md?model=3371630), [All aircraft, 142 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022010/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Approach-VFR pattern final: Fuel exhaustion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192) (defining event); cases with it: [Fairchild M-62C(PT-23A), 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192/sequence.md?model=3371630), [All aircraft, 804 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192/sequence.md) - [Approach-VFR pattern final: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341); cases with it: [Fairchild M-62C(PT-23A), 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md?model=3371630), [All aircraft, 3,820 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md) - [Approach-VFR pattern final: Attempted remediation/recovery](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060); cases with it: [Fairchild M-62C(PT-23A), 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060/sequence.md?model=3371630), [All aircraft, 1,422 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/060/sequence.md) - [Approach-VFR pattern final: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Fairchild M-62C(PT-23A), 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=3371630), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) - [Landing: Off-field or emergency landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440); cases with it: [Fairchild M-62C(PT-23A), 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md?model=3371630), [All aircraft, 3,365 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md) - [Landing: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092); cases with it: [Fairchild M-62C(PT-23A), 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md?model=3371630), [All aircraft, 2,102 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md) ## Analysis The private pilot reported that he filled the airplane with fuel 5 days before the accident flight. He had not flown the airplane in the intervening 5 days, and the fuel indicators were still showing that the tanks were full before the accident flight. The pilot calculated that there should have been sufficient fuel onboard for a 3-hour 15-minute-long flight. The pilot was performing flyovers at five cemeteries, which required flying holding orbits at three of the cemeteries and two passes at the other two cemeteries. He then flew back toward the departure airport to land. When the airplane was about 5 minutes from the airport, he switched fuel tanks to what appeared to be the fullest tank. He reported that the fuel level in both fuel tanks was low but that the fuel quantity indicators were showing above “E.” While on final approach, between 150 and 200 ft above the ground, the engine lost total power. He switched fuel tanks and started using the manual pump, and the engine regained power for 1 to 2 seconds before losing power again. He subsequently conducted an off-airport, forced landing in a lot about 1/8 mile from the end of the runway. The airplane touched down hard and bounced, and the right wing hit a pole. The airplane then impacted a fence and another pole before coming to rest. The pilot used a flight tracker program, and it showed that the flight was only 2 hours 41 minutes long. Postaccident examination of the accident site found no fuel spillage. Examination of the airplane revealed that each fuel tank contained about 1/2 cup of fuel. About a teaspoon of fuel was recovered from the engine strainer bowl. Although the pilot thought there was sufficient fuel onboard the airplane for the flight, given the evidence, it is likely that the engine lost power due to fuel exhaustion because the pilot miscalculated the fuel consumption rate during preflight planning. ## Factual narrative On May 28, 2018, at 1210 central daylight time, a Fairchild (Howard) M-62C (PT-23A) airplane, N64176, collided with a pole and a fence during a forced landing while on approach to land at the Westport Airport (71K), Wichita, Kansas. The pilot and passenger received minor injuries. The airplane was substantially damaged. The airplane was registered to and operated by the American Airpower Heritage Flying Museum under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and a flight plan was not filed. The local flight originated from 71K about 0930.The pilot stated the purpose of the flight was to fly over several cemeteries in observance of Memorial Day. He performed fly-overs at five cemeteries which required flying holding orbits at three of the cemeteries and two passes at the other two cemeteries. He then flew back toward 71K to land. He stated that when he was about five minutes from 71K, he switched fuel tanks to what appeared to be the fullest tank. He reported that both fuel tanks were low, but the fuel quantity indicators were showing above "E." While on final approach at an altitude of 150 to 200 ft above the ground, the engine lost power. He switched fuel tanks, started using the wobble (manual) pump, and the engine regained power for a second or two before losing power once again. The engine regained power once again and the pilot continued using the wobble pump until committed to an off-airport landing in a storage facility lot about 1/8 mile from the end of the runway. The airplane touched down hard, bounced, and the right wing contacted a metal pole. The airplane then contacted a chain-link fence and a utility pole before coming to rest. The pilot stated that he checked the fuel gauges before the flight and they were indicating the fuel tanks were full which is how he left the airplane five days before the accident flight. The pilot calculated he should have had about 3 hours and 15 minutes of fuel on board. The pilot used Foreflight to track his flight which indicated a flight time of 2 hours and 41 minutes. The Hobbs time indicated 2.9 hours. A postaccident examination of the airplane was conducted by a Federal Aviation Administration Airworthiness Inspector. The inspector reported there was no fuel spill at the accident site and the fuel selector was positioned on the right fuel tank. He drained about ½ cup of fuel out of each of the fuel tanks and about a teaspoon of fuel out of the engine strainer bowl. The inspector reported the fuel gauges are on the wings and are difficult to see inflight. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N64176](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N64176), registered now, S/N 256H0, built 1943 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: FAIRCHILD(HOWARD) M 62C(PT-23A) (UNDESIGNAT) - Registry model: [Fairchild M-62C(PT-23A)](https://openairdocs.org/model/fairchild-m-62c-pt-23a) (registry code 3371630) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Amateur-built UNKNOWN ENG](https://openairdocs.org/engine/amateur-built-unknown-eng) (registry code 99999) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 256H0 - Year built: 1943 - Airframe hours: 1391.1 - Engines: Continental W670-16 220 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: American Airpower Heritage Flying Museum - Registered owner: American Airpower Heritage Flying Museum - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, April 1, 2018, 17 hours before - Departed: 71K, Wichita, KS - Destination: 71K, Wichita, KS - Airport: 71K, Westport - Equipment: Electronic flight bag or handheld device ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 46; injuries: minor; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review May 2, 2016; seat: front; restraint: 4-point; flight hours: 1,074 total, 29 in this make and model, 1,000 as pilot in command, 13 in the last 90 days, 6 in the last 30 days, 3 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 150° at 13 knots, gusting 21 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 90 °F, dew point 64 °F - Altimeter: 29.92 inHg - Observed at: ICT, 2 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20180528006249A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20180528006249A), May 28, 2018: Fairchild(Howard) M-62C(PT-23A), Wichita, KS, Substantial damage. Aircraft departed Westport Airport (71K) for local flights, during final approach at 71K the aircraft lost engine power and landed approximately 1/8 mile short… ## Docket (3 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on December 12, 2018, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=97335. 4.6 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 4.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40469339&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - FAA Inspector's Statement (item 2, .PDF, 92 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40469340&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FAA%20Inspector%27s%20Statement-Master.PDF - Fuel Slips (item 3, .PDF, 91 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40469341&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Fuel%20Slips-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.