# NTSB CEN19LA316: Infinity Powered Parachutes IPP2, N6035L, Eustace, TX, September 12, 2019 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: September 12, 2019, 09:45 local (14:45 UTC) - Place: Eustace, TX - Coordinates: 32.276668, -96.006668 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=32.2767&lon=-96.0067&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Low altitude operation/event](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/220) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: FAA North Texas FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 100244 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN19LA316 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/100244/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=100244 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN19LA316 ## Probable cause The pilot’s failure to see and avoid a power line. Contributing was the pilot’s decision to fly at an altitude too low to avoid obstacles. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Attention/monitoring: monitoring environment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021545): Personnel issues › Psychological · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Infinity Powered Parachutes POWEREDPARACHUTEIPP2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021545/cases.md?model=05901NJ), [All aircraft, 809 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021545/cases.md) - [Object/animal/substance: wire](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022032): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Effect on equipment (probable cause); cases with it: [Infinity Powered Parachutes POWEREDPARACHUTEIPP2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022032/cases.md?model=05901NJ), [All aircraft, 588 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022032/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: altitude](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Infinity Powered Parachutes POWEREDPARACHUTEIPP2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012/cases.md?model=05901NJ), [All aircraft, 1,310 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Low altitude operation/event](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/220) (defining event); cases with it: [Infinity Powered Parachutes POWEREDPARACHUTEIPP2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/220/sequence.md?model=05901NJ), [All aircraft, 780 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/220/sequence.md) - [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900); cases with it: [Infinity Powered Parachutes POWEREDPARACHUTEIPP2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md?model=05901NJ), [All aircraft, 1,556 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md) - [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Infinity Powered Parachutes POWEREDPARACHUTEIPP2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=05901NJ), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) - [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Off-field or emergency landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440); cases with it: [Infinity Powered Parachutes POWEREDPARACHUTEIPP2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md?model=05901NJ), [All aircraft, 3,365 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md) ## Analysis Witnesses observed the powered parachute (PPC) flying about 10 to 15 ft above trees and power lines and said the pilot appeared to be in control of the PPC, the parachute canopy appeared “full,” and there did not appear to be any mechanical issues. One of the witnesses, who was a neighbor to the pilot, reported observing the PPC fly over his property and then turn south and disappear from his view. He reported it sounded like the pilot tried to apply additional power to the engine and there were two "snapping sounds" followed by the sound of an impact. He responded to the accident site and observed a wire wrapped around the pilot and the cart. None of the witnesses observed the accident occur. Postaccident examination of the PPC revealed no anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. The PPC had an adequate amount of fuel onboard. Wreckage signatures were consistent with a wire strike. It is likely the pilot failed to maintain clearance from a wire during the low-level flight, which resulted in a wire strike and an impact with terrain. Medical evidence showed that the pilot's risk of impairment and incapacitation was elevated due to heart disease, prior stroke, and prescription opioid use but did not establish whether he was impaired or incapacitated. There was no operational evidence that the pilot lost control of the PPC or that it was unusual for him to fly so low in the vicinity of hazards. Thus, whether medical factors contributed to the accident could not be determined. The accident is consistent with the pilot failing to see and avoid a power line while flying at a low altitude. ## Factual narrative Complacency The FAA Powered Parachute Flying Handbook FAA-8-8083-29 discusses complacency during PPC flight operations and states in part: It is possible the outside environment can become a distraction to the necessary situational awareness of flying (i.e., situational complacency). Hence, in-flight accidents can be due to the pilot's failure to see obstructions (power lines and tower cables) and to anticipate weather-related turbulence and its resultant negative effects on a PPC's light wing (i.e., wind rotors or mechanical turbulence). Minimum Safe Altitudes 14 CFR Part 91.119 discusses minimum safe altitudes for operations over other than congested areas and states: An altitude of 500 feet above the surface, except over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft may not be operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. On September 12, 2019, about 0945 central daylight time, an Infinity Powered Parachutes IPP2 powered parachute (PPC), N6035L, sustained substantial damage when it was involved in an accident near Eustace, Texas. The private pilot sustained fatal injuries. The PPC was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 91 personal flight. According to the wife of the pilot, she heard the PPC flying around the local area several times after takeoff near their property; the PPC then departed the local area. According to a witness, he observed the PPC flying "erratic" and low about 10 to 15 ft above the trees and power lines. He reported the pilot seemed to have control of the PPC and did not appear to have any mechanical issues. Another witness reported that he observed the PPC flying "extremely low" just above the trees and power lines. The witness surmised that the pilot was looking for a place to land. He stated it did not appear the PPC had any mechanical issues, and the fabric parachute canopy was "full" while he was observing it. A third witness, who was a neighbor to the pilot, reported he observed the PPC fly over his property and then turn south and disappeared from his view. He reported it sounded like the pilot tried to apply additional power to the engine and there were two "snapping sounds" followed by the sound of an impact. He responded to the accident site and discovered the pilot lying inside the cart, upside down and unconscious. He observed a wire wrapped around the pilot and the cart. American Forensics, Mesquite, Texas, conducted an autopsy of the pilot. The cause of the death was attributed to multiple, blunt force injuries and hypertensive and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The autopsy identified an area of greater than 99% stenosis at the midportion of his left anterior descending coronary artery. The heart was described as enlarged, with dilation of both ventricles. Cavitary brain lesions of his inferior right occipital lobe and right basal ganglia were identified, consistent with areas of old ischemic stroke. No other significantnatural disease was identified. The FAA's Forensic Sciences Laboratory, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, performed toxicology tests on specimens from the pilot. The toxicology tests detected hydrocodone (28 ng/ml in femoral blood, and 2770 ng/ml in urine), dihydrocodeine (in femoral blood, and 312 ng/ml in urine), hydromorphone (2851 ng/ml in urine), carvedilol (in femoral blood and urine), atorvastatin (in femoral blood and urine), amlodipine (in femoral blood and urine), salicylate (in urine), and acetaminophen (108 µg/ml in urine). NMS Labs, Horsham, Pennsylvania, performed toxicology tests on specimens from the pilot. The toxicology tests detected hydrocodone (32 ng/ml in femoral blood) and hydromorphone (1.3 ng/ml in femoral blood). According to personal medical records, the pilot had high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and arthritis; had previously sustained a stroke with an associated visual deficit; and had undergone multiple surgeries for various neuromusculoskeletal issues. In August 2019, he was taking hydrocodone/acetaminophen, a combination of an opioid and a non-opioid pain medication. He was also taking the blood pressure medications carvedilol, losartan, and amlodipine; the cholesterol medication atorvastatin; the anti-inflammatory medications meloxicam and aspirin; and zinc, fish oil, and vitamins. The pilot did not hold an active Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) medical certificate. His last FAA medical examination was on July 11, 1997. At that time, he reported no active medical condition or medication use; he had previously reported hypertension. He was issued a FAA third-class medical certificate limited by a requirement that he wear corrective lenses; this certificate expired for all classes on July 30, 1999. A FAA aviation safety inspector (ASI) responded to the accident site. The accident site was documented, and the wreckage was examined. The PPC came to rest in a flat, open grass field on its left side but was then moved upright by first responders. The left side of the PPC impacted the ground about 100 ft east of a separated wire. The debris path indicated the PPC was on an easterly heading between the separated wire and the impact site. The PPC sustained substantial damage to the metal tubing of the cart. The FAA ASI observed about 1/4 of a tank of fuel onboard, and the fuel tank was intact. All components of the cart and the engine were located at the accident site. Cart and engine control continuity was established. An examination revealed no preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures with the cart and engine. A review of the PPC's maintenance records revealed no evidence of any uncorrected mechanical discrepancies with the cart and engine. The separated wire was about 1/4 inch diameter, which was consistent with steel. The wire was estimated to be about 29 ft above the ground near the grass field. The wire separated from the utility pole and it was displaced toward the PPC's resting site. The wire that wasimpacted did not have aerial markers installed nor was it required to. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N6035L](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N6035L-2022-12-31), registration cancelled 2022-12-31, S/N IPP2-105 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Infinity Powered Parachutes IPP2 - Registry model: [Infinity Powered Parachutes POWEREDPARACHUTEIPP2](https://openairdocs.org/model/infinity-powered-parachutes-poweredparachuteipp2) (registry code 05901NJ) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Powered parachute - Serial number: IPP2-105 - Year built: 2002 - Engines: Rotax 582 65 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental light sport (Special) - Last inspection: Annual, July 22, 2019 - Departed: Eustace, TX - Destination: Eustace, TX - Equipment: None ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 70; injuries: fatal; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; seat: front; toxicology performed; flight hours: 100 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 79 °F, dew point 68 °F - Altimeter: 30.05 inHg - Observed at: KF44, 11 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20190912016889A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20190912016889A), Sep 12, 2019: Infinity Powered Parachutes POWEREDPARACHUTEIPP2, Eustace, TX, Substantial damage, 1 fatal. N6035L, an Infinity Powered Parachutes powered parachute IPP2, impacted a power line and came to rest on a field on the corner of farm to market (fm) 2329 and… ## Docket (7 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on January 20, 2022, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=100244. 62.9 MB in all. - Accident photographs (item 1, PDF, 7 pages, 1.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9737974&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Accident%20Photographs-Rel.pdf - Witness statements (item 2, PDF, 10 pages, 433 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9736137&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Witness%20Statements%20Redacted-Rel.pdf - Family members record of conversation (item 3, PDF, 1 page, 94 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9738166&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Family%20Members%20ROC-Rel.pdf - FAA information (item 4, PDF, 4 pages, 414 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9736776&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=FAA%20Information%20Redacted-Rel.pdf - Certificate information and most recent maintenance work (item 5, PDF, 5 pages, 59.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9737900&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Certificate%20Information_Most%20Recent%20Maintenance%20Work%20Redacted-Rel.pdf - NTSB medical factual report (item 6, PDF, 6 pages, 99 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9737653&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=CEN19LA316NTSB%20Medical%20Factual%20Report-Rel.pdf - FAA toxicology report (item 7, PDF, 2 pages, 604 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9738278&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=FAA%20Toxicology%20Report%20Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.