# NTSB CEN20CA111: Cessna P206, N206JF, Hill City, MN, March 3, 2020 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: March 3, 2020, 17:00 local (23:00 UTC) - Place: Hill City, MN - Coordinates: 46.955833, -93.597503 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=46.9558&lon=-93.5975&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/800) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Other: Nose over/nose down](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor, 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report June 29, 2020 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 101025 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN20CA111 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/101025/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=101025 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN20CA111 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to maintain the proper altitude and airspeed during the approach and his delayed addition of power to go around and the flight instructor’s delayed remedial action, which resulted in a nose-over after landing on the closed snow-covered runway. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna P206, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2073304), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Action: delayed action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna P206, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md?model=2073304), [All aircraft, 894 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md) - [Action: delayed action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna P206, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md?model=2073304), [All aircraft, 894 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: altitude](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna P206, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012/cases.md?model=2073304), [All aircraft, 1,310 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna P206, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md?model=2073304), [All aircraft, 1,681 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md) - [Runway/land/takeoff/taxi surface: snow/slush/ice covered surface](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023015): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcome (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna P206, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023015/cases.md?model=2073304), [All aircraft, 219 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023015/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Approach: Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900); cases with it: [Cessna P206, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md?model=2073304), [All aircraft, 1,556 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md) - [Approach: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Cessna P206, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=2073304), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) - [Other: Nose over/nose down](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna P206, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096/sequence.md?model=2073304), [All aircraft, 2,287 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096/sequence.md) ## Analysis According to the pilot, he was receiving a flight review and the flight instructor had briefed him to fly the approach to the runway and to terminate the approach by conducting a go-around. However, the pilot allowed the airplane to become "too low and too slow." The landing gear contacted the snow-covered runway as engine power was being added, and the airplane nosed over. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the left wing. The chart supplement for the airport indicated that the airport was closed during winter months. In addition, a NOTAM was in effect advising pilots that the runway was closed from early December through mid-May. ## Factual narrative According to the pilot, he was performing a flight review with an instructor in the right seat. The pilot reported that he had been briefed by the instructor to fly the approach to the runway and to terminate the approach by executing a go-around. However, the pilot and the instructor allowed the airplane to become, "too low and too slow." The landing gear contacted the snow-covered runway as engine power was being added and the airplane nosed over. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the left wing. The chart supplement for the accident airport indicated that the airport was closed during winter months. In addition, a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) was in effect advising pilots that runway 16-34 was closed from early December through mid-May. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N206JF](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N206JF), registered now, S/N P206-0137, built 1965 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna P206 (Undesignat) - Registry model: [Cessna P206](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-p206) (registry code 2073304) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental IO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-io-520-series) (registry code 17032, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: P206-0137 - Year built: 1965 - Airframe hours: 2164.7 - Engines: Continental IO-520-F 285 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, March 27, 2019 - Departed: GPZ, Grand Rapids, MN - Destination: 9Y0, Bowstring, MN - Airport: 07Y, Hill City-Quadna Mountain, runway 16, 2,902 × 150 ft, snow - Equipment: None ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 61; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine sea, single-engine land; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; last flight review February 18, 2018; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 1,342 total, 1,259 as pilot in command, 8 in the last 90 days, 6 in the last 30 days - Flight instructor; age 69; injuries: minor; commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land, single-engine sea; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review May 21, 2019; seat: right; restraint: lap only; flight hours: 19,315 total, 1,150 in this make and model, 18,450 as pilot in command, 14 in the last 90 days, 4 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 180° at 11 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 34 °F, dew point 18 °F - Altimeter: 29.50 inHg - Observed at: KGPZ, 16 nm away ## Docket (4 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on April 7, 2020, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=101025. 3.6 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 3.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40482049&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Hill City Chart Supplement (item 2, .PDF, 71 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40482050&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Hill%20City%20Chart%20Supplement-Master.PDF - NOTAM -07Y (item 3, .PDF, 22 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40482051&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=NOTAM%20-07Y-Master.PDF - Photo (item 4, .PDF, 165 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40482052&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.