# NTSB CEN20CA280: Waco YKC, N14139, New Carlisle, OH, July 14, 2020 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Class 4 · Data collection · Final report - Date: July 14, 2020, 07:30 local (11:30 UTC) - Place: New Carlisle, OH - Coordinates: 39.931388, -84.016944 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=39.9314&lon=-84.0169&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing-landing roll: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration, Cincinnati FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 101600 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN20CA280 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/101600/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=101600 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN20CA280 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to maintain proper approach speed and descent path to the runway, which resulted in excessive speed at touchdown and insufficient runway remaining to safely bring the airplane to a stop before the end of the runway. Contributing to the accident was the airplane's diminished braking due to the dew-covered grass runway condition. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: descent/approach/glide path](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062040): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Waco YKC, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062040/cases.md?model=9600816), [All aircraft, 809 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062040/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Incorrect use/operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Waco YKC, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md?model=9600816), [All aircraft, 1,681 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Waco YKC, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=9600816), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Runway/land/takeoff/taxi surface: wet surface](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023010): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Effect on operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Waco YKC, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023010/cases.md?model=9600816), [All aircraft, 141 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023010/cases.md) - [Aircraft capability: braking capability](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061050): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Attain/maintain not possible (probable cause); cases with it: [Waco YKC, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061050/cases.md?model=9600816), [All aircraft, 57 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061050/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing-landing roll: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090) (defining event); cases with it: [Waco YKC, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md?model=9600816), [All aircraft, 1,506 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230); cases with it: [Waco YKC, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md?model=9600816), [All aircraft, 4,585 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300); cases with it: [Waco YKC, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md?model=9600816), [All aircraft, 3,643 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot was practicing full-stop landings in the tailwheel-equipped airplane while on a local personal flight. The pilot reported that his first two landings were uneventful and that the surface wind was calm. He stated that before his third landing he had made two go-arounds because the airplane was not established on a proper descent path to the runway. The pilot reported that on his third attempt the airplane touched down with excessive speed and about 100 ft before the halfway point of the 2,000 ft long runway. The pilot applied "moderate" braking about 600 ft from the end of the runway in attempt to slow the airplane, but the airplane began to slide on the dew-covered grass. When it became apparent that the airplane would not stop before the end of the runway, the pilot intentionally ground-looped the airplane in attempt to avoid a runway excursion. However, the airplane continued to slide off the end of the runway and the lower right wing impacted the airport perimeter fence. The airplane then nosed over onto the fence. The lower right wing main spar fractured during the accident. The pilot reported no mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane. Postaccident examination confirmed flight control continuity and found no issues with the wheel brakes. ## Factual narrative The pilot was practicing full-stop landings in the tailwheel-equipped airplane while on a local personal flight. The pilot reported that his first two landings were uneventful and that the surface wind was calm. He stated that before his third landing he had made two go-arounds because the airplane was not established on a proper descent path to the runway. The pilot reported that on his third attempt the airplane touched down with excessive speed and about 100 ft before the halfway point of the 2,000 ft long runway. The pilot applied "moderate" braking about 600 ft from the end of the runway in attempt to slow the airplane, but the airplane began to slide on the dew-covered grass. When it became apparent that the airplane would not stop before the end of the runway, the pilot intentionally ground-looped the airplane in attempt to avoid a runway excursion. However, the airplane continued to slide off the end of the runway and the lower right wing impacted the airport perimeter fence. The airplane then nosed over onto the fence. The lower right wing main spar fractured during the accident. The pilot reported no mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane. Postaccident examination confirmed flight control continuity and found no issues with the wheel brakes. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N14139](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N14139), registered now, S/N 4219, built 1934 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Waco YKC (No Series) - Registry model: [Waco YKC](https://openairdocs.org/model/waco-ykc) (registry code 9600816) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Jacobs L4 /R755-7](https://openairdocs.org/engine/jacobs-l4-r755-7) (registry code 35003, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 4219 - Year built: 1934 - Airframe hours: 860.1 - Engines: Jacobs R-755B2 275 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, October 8, 2019 - Departed: 3OH0, New Carlisle, OH - Destination: 3OH0, New Carlisle, OH - Airport: 3OH0, Andy Barnhart Memorial Airport, runway 28, 2,000 × 150 ft, grass/turf - Equipment: None ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 75; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; last flight review April 2, 2019; seat: left; restraint: lap only; flight hours: 819.4 total, 20.5 in this make and model, 778.9 as pilot in command, 26.2 in the last 90 days, 8.1 in the last 30 days, 0.5 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 64 °F, dew point 61 °F - Altimeter: 30.05 inHg - Observed at: FFO, 7 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20200714017809A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20200714017809A), Jul 14, 2020: Waco YKC, New Carlisle, OH, Substantial damage. On Tuesday, July 14, 2020, at approximately 0730 EDT, a Waco aircraft company Ykc aircraft, registration n-number N14139, was involved in an accident when it… ## Docket (5 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on September 22, 2020, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=101600. 1.5 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 931 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40487065&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Memorandum of Conversation (Roger James) (item 2, .PDF, 78 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40487066&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Memorandum%20of%20Conversation%20(Roger%20James)-Master.PDF - FAA Inspector Statement (Timothy Pence) (item 3, .PDF, 76 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40487067&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FAA%20Inspector%20Statement%20(Timothy%20Pence)-Master.PDF - Weather Reports (item 4, .PDF, 105 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40487086&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Weather%20Reports-Master.PDF - Photos (item 5, .PDF, 273 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40487087&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photos-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.