# NTSB CEN20FA003: Lancair Legacy, N10LG, Bixby, MO, October 6, 2019 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report - Date: October 6, 2019, 08:49 local (13:49 UTC) - Place: Bixby, MO - Coordinates: 37.361389, -91.066947 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=37.3614&lon=-91.0669&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Enroute: VFR encounter with IMC](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: Continental Motors, FAA Flight Standards District Office, FAA Flight Stanndards District Office - NTSB case key (mKey): 100368 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN20FA003 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/100368/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=100368 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN20FA003 ## Probable cause The pilot's continued visual flight rules flight into instrument meteorological conditions, which resulted in a loss of control due to spatial disorientation. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Ceiling/visibility/precip: low ceiling](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035010): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Decision related to condition (probable cause); cases with it: [N10lg Partners LANCAIR LEGACY, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035010/cases.md?model=05637O7), [All aircraft, 190 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035010/cases.md) - [Ceiling/visibility/precip: low visibility](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035015): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Decision related to condition (probable cause); cases with it: [N10lg Partners LANCAIR LEGACY, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035015/cases.md?model=05637O7), [All aircraft, 175 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035015/cases.md) - [Ceiling/visibility/precip: drizzle/mist](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035050): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Decision related to condition (probable cause); cases with it: [N10lg Partners LANCAIR LEGACY, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035050/cases.md?model=05637O7), [All aircraft, 18 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035050/cases.md) - [Info processing/decision: decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [N10lg Partners LANCAIR LEGACY, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md?model=05637O7), [All aircraft, 3,098 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [N10lg Partners LANCAIR LEGACY, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=05637O7), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [N10lg Partners LANCAIR LEGACY, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000/cases.md?model=05637O7), [All aircraft, 1,269 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000/cases.md) - [Perception/orientation/illusion: spatial disorientation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02022025): Personnel issues › Psychological · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [N10lg Partners LANCAIR LEGACY, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02022025/cases.md?model=05637O7), [All aircraft, 358 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02022025/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Enroute: VFR encounter with IMC](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401) (defining event); cases with it: [N10lg Partners LANCAIR LEGACY, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401/sequence.md?model=05637O7), [All aircraft, 392 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401/sequence.md) - [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240); cases with it: [N10lg Partners LANCAIR LEGACY, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md?model=05637O7), [All aircraft, 5,002 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md) - [Uncontrolled descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [N10lg Partners LANCAIR LEGACY, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=05637O7), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot departed on a visual flight rules (VFR) cross-country flight into marginal VFR weather conditions, and likely encountered instrument flight rules (IMC) conditions shortly thereafter. Radar data indicated that the airplane was flying south-southwest between 2,300 ft mean sea level (msl) and 2,800 ft msl, then entered a descent to about 1,525 ft msl before initiating a climbing, 270° left turn. Witnesses near the accident site reported a thick, low cloud cover and estimated that the airplane was flying within a few hundred feet of the ground. Radar contact with the airplane was lost at a groundspeed of 42 kts and altitude of 1,975 ft msl about 24 minutes after departure. Examination revealed no evidence of any pre-impact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal airplane and engine operation. Although the pilot was instrument rated and the airplane was equipped for instrument flight, there was no evidence in the pilot's logbook to indicate that he was instrument current or proficient. There was no record of the pilot receiving preflight weather information from an official source. It is likely the pilot’s lack of instrument currency and proficiency with his VFR flight into IMC conditions resulted in disorientation. The radar track data, sound witness reports, and wreckage distribution is are consistent with a loss of control and the restricted visibility conditions were conducive to the development of spatial disorientation. ## Factual narrative On October 6, 2019, at 0849 central daylight time, an experimental, amateur-built Lancair Legacy airplane, N10LG, was destroyed when it was involved in an accident near Bixby, Missouri. The private pilot was fatally injured. The airplane operated as Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The pilot flew the airplane from Texas to Missouri three days earlier to attend the Lancair Owners and Builder Organization's annual meeting; the accident occurred on the return flight. According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), there was no record of the pilot obtaining a weather briefing or filing a flight plan before his departure. Radar information showed the airplane depart about 0825 and establish a south-southwesterly heading at altitudes between about 2,300 ft mean sea level (msl) and 2,800 ft msl. About 0846, the airplane began a descent and reached a minimum altitude about 1,525 ft msl about 0849. Over the next minute, the airplane entered a climbing, 270° left turn and slowed to a speed of about 42 kts before radar contact was lost at 0849:49, at an altitude of 1,975 ft msl. A witness about 3 miles from the accident site heard a single-engine airplane and reported that the engine sounded as though it was "revving high." He stated that it was "a bad day to be flying" because of the thick cloud cover and mist. He estimated that when the airplane passed over him, it was a few hundred feet above the ground or lower, and that he could not see it due to the low, thick cloud cover. Another witness said that she heard a low-flying airplane and then the sound of impact. She described the weather as being overcast and "very low clouds." She added that, if the pilot had been below the clouds, "he would have been flying very low, nearly at tree top at the top of the hills." The Civil Air Patrol received an emergency locator transmitter (ELT) signal and began an aerial search. The wreckage was located about 1615 about 5 miles south of Bixby, Missouri, in the Mark Twain National Forest. Toxicology testing performed by FAA's Forensic Sciences Laboratory found 54 mg/dL and 18 mg/dL ethanol in muscle and brain tissue, respectively. Putrefaction was noted. No drugs were detected in liver tissue. The 0751 weather observation at Lambert-St. Louis International Airport (STL), located 7 miles east of the departure airport, included wind from 020° at 7 knots, 10 miles visibility, scattered clouds at 3,700 ft above ground level (agl), a broken ceiling at 2,000 ft agl, temperature 17°C, dew point 9°C, and an altimeter setting of 30.13 inches of mercury. About the same time, the weather at Waynesville-St. Robert Regional Airport-Forney Field (TBN), Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, located about 60 miles west of the accident site, included wind from 030° at 6 knots, 10 miles visibility, an overcast ceiling of 2,000 ft agl, temperature 15°C, dew point 10°C, and an altimeter setting of 30.12 inches of mercury. The cloud ceiling was reported in theremarks section as 1,900 ft agl. The pilot held four Repairman- Experimental Aircraft Builder certificates. A partial copy of the pilot's logbook contained entries from October 22, 2018, to September 23, 2019 and indicated that the pilot had logged 108.6 hours in the accident airplane. During that time period, the pilot recorded .5 hrs actual instrument experience in September 2018. The airplane impacted heavily-wooded terrain in a flat attitude on a magnetic heading of 263°. Although there were some broken branches in the area, no trees had been toppled. The right wing separated 90° forward at the spar carry-through. The left wing remained attached. The empennage was displaced to the right but remain attached to the fuselage. The engine remained attached but was displaced to the left. The 3-blade metal propeller separated from the crankshaft and was located next to the engine. One blade was relatively straight, the second blade was bent, and the third blade displayed s-bending and 90-degree chordwise scratches on both the cambered and flat surfaces. The propeller spinner was crushed to the right but remained attached to the hub. Examination of the airframe and engine revealed no anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N10LG](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N10LG-2021-10-02), registration cancelled 2021-10-02, S/N L2K-343, built 2018 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Lancair Legacy - Registry model: [N10lg Partners LANCAIR LEGACY](https://openairdocs.org/model/n10lg-partners-lancair-legacy) (registry code 05637O7) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental IO-550-N](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-io-550-n) (registry code 17215, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane, amateur-built - Serial number: L2K-343 - Year built: 2018 - Engines: CONTINENTAL IO-550-N 350 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Last inspection: Condition, October 17, 2019 - Departed: 1HO, Creve Coeur, MO - Destination: 88R, Spicewood, TX - Equipment: Electronic primary flight display, Electronic multifunction display, ADS-B ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 65; injuries: fatal; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; seat: left; restraint: 4-point; toxicology performed; flight hours: 1,590 total, 1,590 in this make and model, 33 in the last 90 days ## Weather - Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Day - Wind: 300° at 7 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 1,500 ft overcast - Temperature: 61 °F, dew point 59 °F - Altimeter: 30.12 inHg - Observed at: KFAM ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20191006016939A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20191006016939A), Oct 6, 2019: N10lg Partners LANCAIR LEGACY, Bixby, MO, Destroyed, 1 fatal. 10/6/2019 St. louis FSDO was informed of a fatal aircraft crash in a wooded area south of Bixby MO. The inspector who received the initial call was informed… ## Docket (16 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 25, 2021, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=100368. 36.8 MB in all. - Witness statements (item 1, PDF, 2 pages, 473 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9319122&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=%5B3a%5DWitness%20Statements_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Bixby witness interview (item 2, PDF, 1 page, 81 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9326360&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=%5B4%5DBixby%20witness%20Interview-Rel.pdf - Radar track (item 3, PDF, 3 pages, 701 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9181480&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=%5B4%5DRadar%20Track-Rel.pdf - Flightaware track and weather superimposed (item 4, MP4, 328 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9051132&FileExtension=mp4&FileName=%5B4%5DFlightAware%20Track%20and%20Weather%20Superimposed-Rel.mp4 - MP4 depiction (item 5, MP4, 5.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9051425&FileExtension=mp4&FileName=%5B5%5DMP4%20Depiction-Rel.mp4 - Radar data (item 6, PDF, 30 pages, 71 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9051191&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=(6)Radar%20Data-Rel.pdf - Weather reports and records (item 7, PDF, 1 page, 75 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9473260&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=%5B9%5DWeather%20Reports%20and%20Records-Rel.pdf - E-mail pertaining to bixby, MO, fatality (item 8, PDF, 1 page, 59 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9472949&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=%5B10%5DE-mail%20Pertaining%20to%20Bixby,%20MO,%20Fatality-Rel.pdf - 3-Dimensional drawing of the Lancair legacy (item 9, PDF, 1 page, 75 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9502946&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=%5B11a%5D3-Dimensional%20Drawing%20of%20the%20Lancair%20Legacy_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Excerpts from airplane maintenance records (item 10, PDF, 10 pages, 1.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9511599&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=%5B12a%5DExcerpts%20from%20Airplane%27s%20Maintenance%20Records_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Pilot's N10LG logbook (item 11, PDF, 8 pages, 566 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9502821&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=%5B13a%5DPilot%27s%20N10LG%20Logbook_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Pilot's repairman certificate (1 of 4) (item 12, PDF, 1 page, 89 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9503613&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=%5B14a%5DPilot%27s%20Repairman%20Certificate%20(1%20of%204)_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Toxicology report (item 13, PDF, 1 page, 156 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9251427&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=%5B8a%5DToxicology%20Report_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Certification of party representatives to NTSB investigation (item 14, PDF, 1 page, 92 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9051434&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=%5B7%5DCertification%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation_Redacted-Rel.pdf - NTSB form 6120.15, release of aircraft wreckage (item 15, PDF, 1 page, 65 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9503358&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=%5B17a%5DNTSB%20Form%206120.15,%20Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Report photographs (item 16, PDF, 16 pages, 27.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9325992&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=%5B14%5DReport%20Photographs-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.