# NTSB CEN20LA245: Cessna 182, N958HP, Winfield, TX, June 24, 2020 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: June 24, 2020, 14:01 local (19:01 UTC) - Place: Winfield, TX - Coordinates: 33.164165, -95.147499 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=33.1642&lon=-95.1475&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Fuel starvation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration, North Texas FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 101490 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN20LA245 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/101490/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=101490 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN20LA245 ## Probable cause The total loss of engine power due to the pilot’s improper fuel management, which led to fuel starvation. Contributing to the accident was the low altitude at which the loss of engine power occurred. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Use of equip/info: use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182R, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md?model=2072731), [All aircraft, 1,391 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md) - [Fluids: fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010): Aircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid management (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 182R, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md?model=2072731), [All aircraft, 1,695 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Fuel starvation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 182R, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191/sequence.md?model=2072731), [All aircraft, 733 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191/sequence.md) - [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341); cases with it: [Cessna 182R, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md?model=2072731), [All aircraft, 3,820 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md) - [Landing: Off-field or emergency landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440); cases with it: [Cessna 182R, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md?model=2072731), [All aircraft, 3,365 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md) - [Landing: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Cessna 182R, 8 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=2072731), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis About 4.1 hours after the pilot’s departure to conduct a pipeline patrol flight, the engine began to “sputter” and “run rough” while at an altitude about 850 ft above the ground. The pilot was unable to restore engine power by “switching fuel tanks a couple of times” and selecting a full-rich fuel mixture. The engine “surged” between idle and a high rpm a couple of times before it lost all power. The pilot located an open field for a forced landing, but the airplane was unable to stop before it collided with a fence and trees that bordered the field. The airplane sustained substantial damage to both wings and the fuselage. Postaccident examination revealed that the right-wing fuel tank was breached during impact and contained about 1 gallon of fuel. The left-wing fuel tank remained intact and contained about 1 gallon of fuel. The cockpit fuel selector lever was found in the BOTH position; however, the shaft between the cockpit fuel selector lever and the fuel selector valve disconnected during impact. Testing of the fuel selector valve established that fuel from the left fuel tank was being used at the time of the accident and confirmed normal valve operation in all selectable positions. The pilot reported that the flight departed with full fuel tanks (88 gallons usable) and was unsure of the fuel selector position before the engine began to run rough. Based on the reported fuel consumption rate of 10 to 11 gallons per hour, the airplane would have used about one-half of its fuel capacity when the loss of engine power occurred after 4.1 hours of flight. It is likely that the pilot departed with the fuel selector valve positioned to an individual fuel tank, instead of using fuel simultaneously from both tanks, which resulted in fuel starvation and the loss of engine power. Additionally, the low altitude at which the loss of engine power occurred significantly reduced the amount of time available to the pilot to troubleshoot and restore engine power before the forced landing. ## Factual narrative On June 24, 2020, about 1401 central daylight time, a Cessna 182R airplane, N958HP, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Winfield, Texas. The pilot sustained serious injuries. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 pipeline patrol flight. The pilot stated that she departed Cushing Municipal Airport (CUH), Cushing, Oklahoma, with a full fuel load (88 gallons usable) and intended to make a fuel stop at Mount Pleasant Regional Airport (OSA), Mount Pleasant, Texas, before continuing onto Ennis Municipal Airport (F41), Ennis, Texas, where she planned to stay overnight. According to automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast data, the flight departed CUH about 0953. The pilot stated that the flight was uneventful until the airplane crossed over US Interstate 30 near Winfield, Texas, at which point she turned from the pipeline right-of-away toward her planned fuel stop at OSA. Shortly after crossing US Interstate 30, the engine began to “sputter” and “run rough” about 850 ft above the ground. The pilot was unable to restore engine power by “switching fuel tanks a couple of times” and selecting a full-rich fuel mixture. The engine “surged” between idle and a high rpm a couple of times before it lost all power. The pilot did not recall hearing the engine backfire or feeling any excessive vibration before the total loss of engine power. The pilot stated that she had made a couple turns over US Interstate 30 while the engine was running rough and that the vehicle traffic precluded a safe landing on the roadway; there were also high-voltage power lines and antennas in the vicinity. She subsequently located an open field for a forced landing, but the airplane was unable to stop before it collided with a fence and trees that bordered the field. The airplane sustained substantial damage to both wings and the fuselage. The pilot stated that she generally flies with the fuel selector positioned to both and, as such, does not normally select the right or left fuel tank during a flight. She repositions the fuel selector to the left tank before refueling, but also follows a checklist to ensure that she repositions the fuel selector to both before takeoff. She recalled repositioning the fuel selector twice after the engine began running rough but did not remember which fuel selector positions she attempted. The pilot was unsure if the fuel selector was positioned on both before the engine began to run rough. The pilot reported that the average fuel consumption rate was 10 to 11 gallons per hour for the Cessna 182R airplane, and that the company requires their pilots to land for fuel after 5 hours of flying. The pilot stated that she prefers to calculate her fuel remaining based on how long she has been flying and does not rely on the airplane's analog fuel quantity gauges because they are often inaccurate. The pilot noted that after 4.1 hours of flight time the airplane should have had about 44gallons of fuel remaining. The pilot stated that a typical observation flight is flown about 700 ft above ground level while the pilot observes the pipeline right-of-way for evidence of encroachment, heavy machinery, fire, and pipeline leaks. The pilot noted that most of her attention during the flight had been dedicated to observing the ground. Additionally, the pilot reported that the pipeline company had recently complained that there had been some activity along the right-of-way that should have been spotted and reported during a previous flight, and, as a result, she deliberately paid more attention to the right-of-way than she had on previous flights. A postaccident examination revealed leading edge damage to the right wing and a breached right fuel tank. The left wing exhibited leading edge damage, but the left fuel tank remained intact. According to the wreckage recovery crew, about 1 gallon of fuel was recovered from each wing fuel tank. The Federal Aviation Administration inspector who examined the wreckage onsite reported that the airframe fuel filter assembly contained fuel and no contamination. The engine separated from the fuselage during the accident. The cockpit fuel selector lever was found in the both position; however, the shaft between the cockpit fuel selector lever and the fuel selector valve disconnected during impact. Testing of the fuel selector valve established that fuel from the left fuel tank was being used at the time of the accident and confirmed normal valve operation in all selectable positions. A postaccident engine examination did not reveal any mechanical anomalies that would have precluded normal operation during the flight. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N958HP](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N958HP-2023-04-18), registration cancelled 2023-04-18, S/N 18267923, built 1981 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Cessna 182 (R) - Registry model: [Cessna 182R](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182r) (registry code 2072731) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental O-470 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-o-470-series) (registry code 17026, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 18267923 - Year built: 1981 - Airframe hours: 19420.1 - Engines: Continental O-470-U18B 230 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Aerial observation, Part 91 - Operator: Brentco Aerial Patrol - Registered owner: Brentco Aerial Patrol - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Continuous airworthiness, April 21, 2020, 56 hours before - Departed: CUH, Cushing, OK - Destination: OSA, Mount Pleasant, TX - Flight plan: Company VFR - Equipment: Stall warning system, ADS-B ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 65; injuries: serious; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review November 19, 2019; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 4,709.2 total, 3,742.6 in this make and model, 4,538.7 as pilot in command, 266 in the last 90 days, 139.3 in the last 30 days, 7 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 7 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 88 °F, dew point 70 °F - Altimeter: 29.91 inHg - Observed at: KOSA, 10 nm away - METAR: METAR KOSA 241855Z AUTO 00000KT 7SM SCT038 31/21 A2991 RMK AO1 T03110207= ## Other investigations on N958HP (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB GAA16CA196](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA196), Apr 14, 2016: Cessna 182 (N958HP), Moorestown, MI, substantial damage. Probable cause: An in-flight bird strike, which resulted in wind screen damage. ## Docket (13 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 22, 2023, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=101490. 9.8 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 9 pages, 441 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15161819&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=01%20-%20Pilot%20Report_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Memorandum of conversation (lillian jane neal) (item 2, PDF, 2 pages, 83 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15161346&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=02%20-%20Memorandum%20of%20Conversation%20(Lillian%20Jane%20Neal)-Rel.pdf - ADS-B plot (item 3, PDF, 1 page, 473 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15161356&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=03%20-%20ADS-B%20Plot-Rel.pdf - ADS-B data (item 4, CSV, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15161452&FileExtension=csv&FileName=04%20-%20ADS-B%20Data-Rel.csv - Operator flight tracking data (item 5, CSV, 6 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15162304&FileExtension=csv&FileName=05%20-%20Operator%20Flight%20Tracking%20Data-Rel.csv - Memorandum of conversation (darren pittacora) (item 6, PDF, 1 page, 77 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15163643&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=06%20-%20Memorandum%20of%20Conversation%20(Darren%20Pittacora)-Rel.pdf - Wreckage examination summary (item 7, PDF, 11 pages, 11 photos, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15163182&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=07%20-%20Wreckage%20Examination%20Summary-Rel.pdf - Airframe logbook (excerpts) (item 8, PDF, 9 pages, 1.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15161462&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=08%20-%20Airframe%20Logbook%20(Excerpts)_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Engine logbook (excerpts) (item 9, PDF, 3 pages, 464 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15162412&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=09%20-%20Engine%20Logbook%20(Excerpts)_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Propeller logbook (excerpts) (item 10, PDF, 4 pages, 1.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15162594&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=10%20-%20Propeller%20Logbook%20(Excerpts)_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Fuel invoice email (item 11, PDF, 2 pages, 552 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15162058&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=11%20-%20Fuel%20Invoice%20Email_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Photos (item 12, PDF, 3 pages, 3 photos, 2.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15162068&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=12%20-%20Photos-Rel.pdf - Weather reports (item 13, PDF, 1 page, 70 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15163385&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=13%20-%20Weather%20Reports-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.