# NTSB CEN20LA321: Piper PA28R, N9765C, Seiling, OK, August 1, 2020 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: August 1, 2020, 01:30 local (06:30 UTC) - Place: Seiling, OK - Coordinates: 36.15139, -98.933891 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=36.1514&lon=-98.9339&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Takeoff](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/300) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Takeoff-rejected takeoff: Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 4 uninjured - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 101724 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN20LA321 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/101724/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=101724 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN20LA321 ## Probable cause The pilot’s incorrect takeoff performance calculations and delayed aborted takeoff, which resulted in a runway excursion and collision with trees. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Planning/preparation: performance calculations](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061010): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-28R-201, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061010/cases.md?model=7102816), [All aircraft, 114 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061010/cases.md) - [Action: delayed action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-28R-201, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md?model=7102816), [All aircraft, 894 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md) - [Aircraft capability: takeoff distance](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061025): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Capability exceeded; cases with it: [Piper PA-28R-201, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061025/cases.md?model=7102816), [All aircraft, 67 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061025/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Takeoff-rejected takeoff: Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300) (defining event); cases with it: [Piper PA-28R-201, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md?model=7102816), [All aircraft, 3,643 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot planned to depart from a 2,435-ft-long runway, and reported that, with the three passengers and the amount of fuel onboard, the airplane was about 127 lbs below the maximum takeoff weight and required 1,700 to 1,800 ft of runway for takeoff. The pilot began the takeoff roll about 117 ft from the takeoff end of the runway with the wing flaps retracted for a normal takeoff. During the takeoff roll, the pilot noticed a sound and vibration from the engine, then about 5 seconds and 668 ft later he reduced engine power to abort the takeoff. He was unable to stop the airplane on the remaining runway and it continued off the end of the runway, over a road, and into trees. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the left wing. Postaccident performance calculations revealed that the takeoff roll was greater than that calculated by the pilot; about 2,1000 ft. A postaccident examination of the engine and airframe did not reveal any mechanical malfunctions or anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. The recorded engine and GPS data did not reveal any anomalies. The data showed that the pilot likely began to abort the takeoff, about 547 ft from the end of the runway, and likely only applied the brakes and began to significantly slow the airplane about 304 ft from the end of the runway, which was not sufficient distance to stop the airplane before exiting the runway surface. ## Factual narrative On August 1, 2020, about 0130 central daylight time, a Piper PA28R airplane, N9765C, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident at Seiling Airport (1S4), Seiling, Oklahoma. The pilot and three passengers were not injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The pilot reported that he arrived with the same three passengers earlier that day for a rodeo event. After the rodeo, they returned to the airplane about 0100 and prepared to depart. The pilot confirmed that the takeoff weight was 2,622.8 lbs (maximum takeoff weight is 2,750 lbs) and that the airplane had 25 to 26 gallons of fuel onboard. He calculated that the airplane required 1,700 to 1,800 ft for takeoff from the 2,435-ft-long runway. He elected not to perform a short field departure and kept the flaps retracted. He added that he “still made the decision to spare every inch of runway” when he taxied the airplane into position at the end of the runway. He held the brakes and advanced the throttle, mixture, and propeller controls full forward. “When the engine was up to speed,” he let off the brakes and began the takeoff roll. He reported that during the takeoff roll, when the airspeed was about 60 knots, he noticed a sound and vibration from the engine, so he aborted the takeoff. He was unable to stop the airplane and it continued off the end of the runway, over a road, and into trees. The responding Federal Aviation Administration inspector reported that the airplane sustained substantial damage to the left wing. A postaccident examination of the engine and airplane did not reveal any mechanical malfunctions or anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. The inspector completed takeoff performance calculations based on the accident conditions and determined that the airplane would have required about 2,000 to 2,100 ft for takeoff. He added that the pilot’s preflight performance calculations underestimated the amount of runway needed to complete the takeoff. NTSB performance calculations determined that the takeoff roll would have been about 2,100 ft based on the accident conditions. The airplane was equipped with an Electronics International Inc. MVP-50P engine monitor, which recorded engine and GPS data. A review of the recorded engine data revealed that the takeoff roll began about 117 ft from the takeoff end of the runway. The distance from the beginning of the takeoff roll until there was a noted reduction in engine rpm and fuel flow was 1,760 ft. The distance from the reduction in rpm and fuel flow until the first reduction in GPS speed was another 242 ft. From this point, the pilot only had 304 ft to stop the airplane before the end of the runway. The pilot reported that he observed 60 knots on the airspeed indicator about the same time he felt the vibration then aborted the takeoff. The data showed that once the airplane achieved 60 knots, it continued down the runway another 5 seconds and 668 ftuntil the aborted takeoff was initiated. The recorded engine and GPS data did not reveal any anomalies. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N9765C](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N9765C-2021-10-02), registration cancelled 2021-10-02, S/N 28R-7837220, built 1978 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Piper PA28R (201) - Registry model: [Piper PA-28R-201](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28r-201) (registry code 7102816) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental IO-360 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-io-360-series) (registry code 17025, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 28R-7837220 - Year built: 1978 - Airframe hours: 7155.5 - Engines: Continental Motors IO-360-C1C6 201 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, June 2, 2020 - Departed: 1S4, Seiling, OK - Destination: SWO, Stillwater, OK - Airport: 1S4, Seiling, runway 17, 2,435 × 38 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Electronic flight bag or handheld device, Electronic multifunction display, Electronic primary flight display, Handheld GPS, Onboard weather, Stall warning system, ADS-B, Auto-pilot ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 34; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; last flight review December 19, 2019; seat: left; restraint: lap only; flight hours: 222.3 total, 10.8 in this make and model, 178 as pilot in command, 67.8 in the last 90 days, 34.5 in the last 30 days, 1.2 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night - Wind: 310° at 4 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 64 °F, dew point 61 °F - Altimeter: 30.06 inHg - Observed at: KJWG, 30 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20200801021899A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20200801021899A), Aug 1, 2020: Piper PA-28R-201, Seiling, OK, Substantial damage. N9765C(PA-28-200) piloted by [privacy data omitted] was departing runway 17 after back taxiing to utilize the full length at Seiling Airport(1S4) on August 1,… ## Docket (7 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on April 22, 2022, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=101724. 19.7 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 13 pages, 5.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13649851&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=6120%20and%20pilot%20statement_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Pilot's performance calculations (item 2, PDF, 3 pages, 3.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13649427&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Airport%20and%20charts-Rel.pdf - Memorandum for record a�� investigation summary and performance calculations (item 3, PDF, 3 pages, 182 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13710218&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Memo%20For%20Record%20-%20Investigation%20Summary-Rel.pdf - Graphs and maps (item 4, PDF, 11 pages, 3.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13711592&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Map%20and%20Graphs-Rel.pdf - Engine monitor - tabular data (item 5, CSV, 357 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13650262&FileExtension=csv&FileName=Tabular%20data%20Flt111_07-31-20f-Rel.csv - Photos (item 6, PDF, 2 pages, 2 photos, 2.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13649529&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photos-Rel.pdf - Maintenance records (item 7, PDF, 4 pages, 3.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13649519&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Mx%20logs%20and%20WB_Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.