# NTSB CEN20LA417: Quicksilver Mxii, N9045Z, Killeen, TX, September 24, 2020 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: September 24, 2020, 11:05 local (16:05 UTC) - Place: Killeen, TX - Coordinates: 31.074454, -97.682898 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=31.0745&lon=-97.6829&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 2 fatal - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Central Region - Parties: FAA - San Antonio FSDO, Rotax Aircraft Engines - NTSB case key (mKey): 102033 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=CEN20LA417 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/102033/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=102033 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN20LA417 ## Probable cause A total loss of engine power due to cold seizure for a reason that could not be determined, and the pilot’s subsequent exceedance of the airplane’s critical angle of attack, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall and impact with the ground. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Engine (reciprocating): recip eng cyl section](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Damaged/degraded (probable cause); cases with it: [Quicksilver MX II SPRINT, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530/cases.md?model=059019G), [All aircraft, 373 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530/cases.md) - [Engine (reciprocating): recip eng cyl section](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Unknown/Not determined (probable cause); cases with it: [Quicksilver MX II SPRINT, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530/cases.md?model=059019G), [All aircraft, 373 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058530/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: angle of attack](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Capability exceeded (probable cause); cases with it: [Quicksilver MX II SPRINT, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042/cases.md?model=059019G), [All aircraft, 990 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341) (defining event); cases with it: [Quicksilver MX II SPRINT, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md?model=059019G), [All aircraft, 3,820 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md) - [Maneuvering: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241); cases with it: [Quicksilver MX II SPRINT, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md?model=059019G), [All aircraft, 1,529 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md) ## Analysis The airplane had just departed, and witnesses reported seeing the airplane maneuver without engine power. A dash-cam video of the accident showed the airplane attempt to return to the airport. The airplane flew at a low altitude with its wings rocking side to side. During the final portion of the flight, the airplane’s right wing dropped, and the airplane descended into the ground, consistent with an exceedance of the critical angle of attack leading to an aerodynamic stall. The airplane came to rest inverted next to the westbound highway guard rail. The left wing and fuselage sustained substantial damage. Examination of the airplane after the accident revealed no preimpact anomalies with respect to the airframe. Examination of the 2-stroke engine revealed scoring between the magneto side piston and its corresponding cylinder, consistent with cold seizure. The cold seizure was likely the result of improper engine warm-up or excessive temperature differential between the coolant entering the engine compared to the coolant exiting the engine. The airplane had been equipped with a larger radiator than the engine manufacturer supplied. The reason for the cold seizure could not be definitively determined. The pilot was at risk of impairment from combined effects of hydrocodone and chlorpheniramine. However, whether impairing effects of those medications contributed to the accident cannot be determined. Based on the available evidence, the airplane’s engine lost power due to cold seizure for a reason that could not be determined. While attempting to return to the airport, the pilot exceeded the airplane’s critical angle of attack leading to an aerodynamic stall and impact with the ground. ## Factual narrative The airplane was constructed with an aluminum tube structure and open-air seating for two occupants in a side-by-side arrangement. The airplane was manufactured in 2000. The pilot/owner applied for and received a Special Airworthiness Certificate for the airplane on September 22, 2007. An entry in the maintenance records indicated that another Special Airworthiness Certificate was issued on September 9, 2020. Maintenance records for the airplane showed that on September 22, 2008, the airplane was damaged in a forced landing with the maintenance entry noting: “(Aircraft) damaged forced landing will (require) inspection, disassembly of complete (aircraft). Major repair airframe, verify inspections and airworthiness requirements.” Subsequent entries indicated that the airplane was repaired, including an overhaul of the engine on May 25, 2010. According to the records, the airplane was repaired but not flown until September 12, 2020. The entry on that date indicated that 8 takeoffs and landings were completed. The final entry was dated September 19, 2020. No entries regarding engine overhaul were found after the May 25, 2010, overhaul entry. The manufacturer recommended overhaul interval was 5 years or 300 hours of operation, whichever occurred first. According to the kit manufacturer’s published specification for the airplane, it had a typical useful load of 390 pounds. The combined weights of the pilot and passenger based on their most recent medical examinations was 414 pounds. This did not account for the weight of the fuel that was on board the airplane. On September 24, 2020, about 1105 central daylight time, a Quicksilver MX II airplane, N9045Z, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Killeen, Texas. The pilot and the pilot-rated passenger were fatally injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The airplane departed from Skylark Field Airport (ILE), when shortly after takeoff the airplane’s engine stopped producing power. Witnesses reported seeing the airplane maneuver and descend without engine power. The airplane impacted the median of a divided highway and then struck a guard rail. A dash-cam video was provided by a motorist that was traveling eastbound on Highway 14 near ILE. The highway was about 0.3 miles south of the approach end of runway 1 at ILE. The airplane could be seen in the frame traveling toward the north. The airplane was at a low altitude and its wings were rocking side-to-side as it traveled north. As the airplane crossed the eastbound lanes of the highway, the right wing dropped, and the airplane descended into the median between the eastbound and westbound lanes. The FAA Forensic Sciences Laboratory identified hydrocodone and its metabolites (dihydrocodeine and hydromorphone), chlorphenaramine, dextromethorphan and its metabolite (dextrorphan), acetaminophen, salicylic acid, and albuterol in specimens obtained from the pilot.Hydrocodone is a prescription opioid medication that typically carries a warning that it may impair mental or physical abilities needed to perform potentially hazardous activities such as driving a car or operating machinery. Chlorpheniramine is a sedating antihistamine medication that is available over the counter in a variety of cold and allergy products and is also sometimes used as a sleep aid. It typically carries a warning that it may cause drowsiness, and that user should exercise caution when driving a motor vehicle or operating machinery. Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant medication that is available over the counter in a variety of cold and allergy products. At medicinal doses, dextromethorphan alone is generally not impairing. Acetaminophen is a pain- and fever-reducing medication that is commonly available over the counter, either alone or as an ingredient in a variety of cold, allergy, and other products. Salicylic acid is a metabolite of aspirin, an over-the-counter medication commonly used to treat pain and fever, and (when taken regularly) to reduce cardiovascular risk. Albuterol is a prescription medication commonly used to relax tight lungs and improve wheezing and cough in a variety of conditions such as asthma and bronchitis. Acetaminophen, salicylic acid, and albuterol are generally not considered impairing. The pilot had applied for BasicMed. According to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) records, he submitted the Comprehensive Medical Examination Checklist (CMEC) on June 15, 2017, and had most recently completed the BasicMed course on July 16, 2019. The airplane came to rest inverted next to the westbound guard rail. The right wing was intact and the left wing had multiple breaks from impact. The fuselage structure was deformed. A postrecovery airframe examination did not reveal any pre-impact anomalies. An engine examination revealed that the magneto side piston had evidence of piston scoring consistent with “cold seizure.” Cold seizure results from a thermal imbalance of pistons and cylinders due to improper warm-up of the engine and excessive temperature differences between the coolant exiting the engine compared to coolant entering the engine. The accident airplane was equipped with a larger cooling radiator than the radiator supplied by the engine manufacturer. Manufacturer documentation indicated that the maximum temperature difference of the coolant between the radiator entrance and exit should not exceed 43° F. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N9045Z](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N9045Z-2023-03-04), registration cancelled 2023-03-04, S/N 0558, built 2020 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: QUICKSILVER MXII - Registry model: [Quicksilver MX II SPRINT](https://openairdocs.org/model/quicksilver-mx-ii-sprint) (registry code 05629OL) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Rotax 582DCDI](https://openairdocs.org/engine/rotax-582dcdi) (registry code 55562, 2 cycle) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 0558 - Year built: 2000 - Airframe hours: 513.4 - Engines: Rotax 582 Mod 90 65 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental light sport (Special) - Last inspection: Condition, September 9, 2020 - Airport: ILE, Skylark Field Airport ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 71; injuries: fatal; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; seat: left; restraint: 4-point; toxicology performed; flight hours: 450 total - Pilot-rated passenger; age 53; injuries: fatal; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; seat: right; restraint: 4-point; toxicology performed; flight hours: 650 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 30° at 8 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 2,200 ft overcast - Temperature: 70 °F, dew point 61 °F - Altimeter: 30.02 inHg - Observed at: KILE, 1 nm away - METAR: KILE 241556Z AUTO 03008KT 10SM OVC022 21/16 A3002 RMK AO2 SLP154 T02060161 PNO $ ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20200924018809A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20200924018809A), Sep 24, 2020: Quicksilver MX II SPRINT, Harker Heights, TX, Substantial damage, 2 fatal. Aircraft bearing registration number N9045Z departed from skylark field airport (kile) with two adults on board heading north. Visual meteorological conditions… ## Docket (9 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on April 15, 2022, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=102033. 71.1 MB in all. - Autopsy memorandum (item 1, PDF, 1 page, 103 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13167546&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Autopsy%20Memo%20for%20Record-Rel.pdf - Toxicological report (item 2, PDF, 2 pages, 129 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12689419&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Tox_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Rotax engine examination report (item 3, PDF, 12 pages, 9.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12689263&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Rotax%20engine%20examination%20report_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Release of aircraft wreckage, NTSB form 6120.15 (item 4, PDF, 1 page, 569 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12688936&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Wreckage%20release%20-%20signed_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Maintenance records (item 5, PDF, 16 pages, 772 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12689437&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=N9045Z%20Log%20Book%20Scans_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Manufacturer specifications (item 6, PDF, 1 page, 174 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12689605&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Manufacturer%20specifications-Rel.pdf - Dash camera video of accident (item 7, MP4, 54.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12688877&FileExtension=mp4&FileName=Cropped%20dash%20cam-Rel.mp4 - Photos (item 8, PDF, 5 pages, 5 photos, 4.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12689615&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%20array-Rel.pdf - Weather information (item 9, PDF, 2 pages, 138 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12689868&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=METARS-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.